Intro. to Ethics
What is the definition of ethics?
guidelines for behavior which are based on morals
Which type of advance directive involves a physician's order that states that CPR should be initiated if a person's heart should stop beating?
DNR/DNAR (do not attempt resuscitation)
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Which document states that a patient has the right to confidentiality regarding their medical care?
Patient's Bill of Rights
What is the #1 factor when deciding who gets to the top of the organ transplant list (status 1A)?
sickest person
Name 3 factors that influence a person's personal ethics
family, friends, culture, religion, past experiences
Which type of advance directives is a legal document which states what a person would or would not want done if their condition is critical and they cannot speak for themselves?
living will
HIPAA protects a patient's PHI. What does PHI stand for?
Protected Health Information
A patient refuses emergency care, but it is apparent that the individual is very drunk. What do you do?
provide care, the person is not competent to refuse care
Name 5 organs that can be transplanted
heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, intestines, cornea, bone, skin, kidney
How are professional ethics determined?
written by a governing board (such as the AMA, ANA)
This type of advance directive involves appointing another person to make medical decisions for a person if they cannot speak for themselves.
health care proxy or durable power of attorney for healthcare
In regards to maintaining HIPAA, what is meant by the "need to know" principle?
only share PHI with individuals who have a "need to know" in order to provide care to the patient
List 2 "rights" that patients have under the Patient's Bill of Rights
respectful care, confidentiality, right to know rights, right to know about bill, right to be alone with spouse, right to refuse care, right to be free of abuse, right to know if care is experimental, etc...
Who pays for the costs of organ transplant surgery?
recipient/ recipient's insurance company
List the 4 guiding principles of ethics
autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice
Only competent adults may refuse medical care. List 3 things which would make a person legally incompetent.
minor, dementia, coma/ altered LOC, under the influence of mind-altering drugs, under the influence of ETOH, head injury, mental illness that interferes with thought processes
In regards to maintaining HIPAA, what is means by the term "duty to warn?"
If an individual is planning on harming others, the HCW is required to report this to authorities. Public safety supersedes patient's right to confidentiality.
Patients have many rights, but they also have responsibilities. List 2 of these responsibilities
pay bill, share all necessary info. with HCW (even if private in nature), follow physician's orders
What medical treatment is necessary to prevent a person's immune system from attacking transplanted organs?
immunosuppressive medications
Which ethical theory is based upon what is best for the greater number of people?
utilitarianism
This law requires hospitals to inform patients about their rights to have advance directives
Patient Self-Determination Act
lose job, official reprimand, lose license, imprisonment
What organization wrote the Patient's Bill of Rights
American Hospital Association
What are 2 adverse consequences of taking anti-rejection medications?
infection, cancer