Ethics
Study of morality using the tools and methods of philosophy.
What is ethics?
Ethical principle of "do no harm" to avoid causing harm to an individual.
What is nonmaleficence?
An obligation or pledge of physicians, nurses, and others to keep secret the personal health information of patients unless they consent to disclosure.
What is confidentiality?
The action of an autonomous, informed person agreeing to submit to medical treatment or experimentation.
What is informed consent?
The intentional termination of a pregancy through drugs or surgery.
What is an induced abortion?
The search for, and justification of, moral, standards, or norms.
What is normative ethics?
The theory that right actions are not necessarily those sanctioned by single-rule theories, but rather by reference to multiple moral principles that we must weigh and balance against each other.
What is principlism?
The authority of persons to control who may possess and use information about themselves.
What is the right to privacy?
A scientific study designed to systematically test a medical intervention in humans
The surrogate receives a transferred embryo created through IVF using the sperm and egg of others (the contracting couple of donors).
What is a gestational surrogacy?
The study of the meaning and justification of basic moral beliefs.
What is metaethics?
An explanation of why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person's character is good or bad.
What is the main argument for truth-telling?
The patient's voluntary and deliberate giving up of the right to informed consent.
What is a waiver?
The manipulation of someone’s genetic material to prevent or treat disease.
What is gene therapy?
The use of moral norms and concepts to resolve practical moral issues.
What is applied ethics?
Asserts that the rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences.
What is the consequentialist theory?
Many believe that exceptions to confidentiality are justified when confidentiality must be weighed against other duties, such as the duty to prevent serious harm to the patient and others.
What is the duty to warn?
The withholding of relevant information from a patient when the physician believes disclosure would likely do harm.
Therapeutic Privilege
She argued that even if the unborn is a person from the moment of conception, abortion may still be morally justified in some cases.
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Applied ethics focused on health care, medical research, and medical technology.
What is bioethics?
Asserts that the rightness of actions is determined partly or entirely by their intrinsic value.
What is the deontological theory?
In the landmark 1976 case, the court held that duties of patient-psychotherapist confidentiality can be overridden when "a patient poses a serious danger of violence to others."
What is Tarasoff v. Regents of the University California?
Subjects must give their informed voluntary consent to participate. The study must be designed to minimize risks to subjects and offer an acceptable balance of risks and benefits. Subjects must be selected fairly to avoid exploiting or unjustly excluding them. The subjects’ privacy should be protected, and the confidentiality for research data must be preserved. Before the research is conducted, it must be reviewed and approved by an independent panel.
What are the ethical requirements for clinical trials?
She asserted that five traits are central to personhood. Any being that satisfies none of these traits is certainly not a person. A fetus satisfies none and is therefore not a person.
Who is Mary Anne Warren?