Oncology
Non-germ cell tumor diagnosed based on elevated alpha fetoprotein level without a tissue biopsy
Hepatocellular carcinoma (accept HCC)
Measure of the fidelity of a study's results compared to what is correct or true
Validity
American College of Rheumatology recommended target urate level for urate-lowering therapy in gout
Less than 6 mg/dL (accept 6)
Name of list of potentially inappropriate medications for use in older adults
Beers List (accept Beers Criteria)
Iterative four-step approach to change that is often used in quality improvement initiatives
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle
Herpesvirus implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and certain forms of lymphoma
Epstein-Barr virus (accept EBV, human herpes virus 4, or HHV-4)
Method for randomized controlled trials that analyzes all participants on the basis of their original randomized intervention
Intention to treat
Slowly progressive inflammatory myopathy distinguished by its elderly demographic and involvement of the quadriceps and finger flexors
Inclusion body myositis (accept IBM, sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM)
Age-related sensorineural hearing loss primarily affects sounds in this range
High frequency (accept >2 KHz)
Blood pressure above which thrombolytics are contraindicated in acute ischemic stroke
185/110
Solid organ tumor for which the Robson staging system was historically used
Renal cell carcinoma (accept RCC, renal cancer, or kidney cancer)
A negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 decreases the probability of disease by approximately this amount
45%
Microbe responsible for aquarium granuloma that in rare cases may cause infectious arthritis
Mycobacterium marinum (accept M. balnei)
Term for the degenerative loss of muscle mass associated with aging
Sarcopenia
Drug of choice for the first episode of nonfulminant Clostridioides difficile colitis based on 2021 IDSA guidelines
Fidaxomicin
Stage of colon cancer with the best demonstrated survival benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy
Stage III (node-positive)
Type of bias that overestimates survival due to earlier detection by screening than clinical presentation of disease
Lead time bias (do not accept length time bias)
Most common clinical manifestation of enthesitis
Dactylitis (accept 'sausage digits') or swelling of the heel (either)
This primary hematopoietic group of disorders occurs most commonly in older adults
Myelodysplastic syndrome (accept myelodysplasia)
Direct oral anticoagulant with the lowest risk of gastrointestinal bleeding
Apixaban (accept Eliquis)
Adjuvant chemotherapeutic that prolongs pancreatic cancer survival over gemcitabine alone
Capecitabine
Eponym for index used to predict one-year mortality initially based on 22 comorbid conditions
Charlson Index (accept Charlson Comorbidity Index; Charlson/Deyo, Charlson/Romano, Charlson/Manitoba, and Charlson/D'Hoores indices - must include Charlson)
A chronic inflammatory disorder of young adults that may present with vertigo, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and hearing loss
Cogan syndrome
Expected increase in the alveolar-arteriolar oxygen gradient for each decade of life
1 mmHg
Preferred anticoagulant in patients with severe renal impairment and HIT
Argatroban