Intervention Inventory
Investigating an Outbreak
Identifying Pathogens
Antibiotic Treatment
Hearing Loss
Vaccinations
Genetic Testing
Maternal and Child Health
Gene Therapy
100
Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter the course of a disease?
Medical Intervention
100
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative testing?
Qualitative gives you a negative or positive test result. Quantitative shows how much of an antigen is present in your body. How sick you are...
100
What is the main purpose or goal of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
To amplify or multiply DNA over, and over again. Makes biological samples bigger for testing/analysis purposes.
100
What class of antibiotics irreversibly inhibits enzymes involved in the final steps of cell wall synthesis?
B-Lactams, Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides?
B-Lactams
100
What is the name of the graphical representation of a hearing test?
Audiogram
100
What type of vaccine uses components, or parts of a virus that best stimulate the immune system?
Sub unit
100
What is the type of disease or disorder that only affects one gene?
Single gene
100
What is the name of the term for when a needle is inserted through through the navel (or intra-uterine) to aspirate amniotic fluid for chromosomal testing for abnormalities?
Amniocentesis
100
What is an agent (as a plasmid or virus) that contains or carries modified genetic material and can be used to introduce extra genes into the genome of an organism?
Vector
200
What is the last name of the fictitious family we are following in this course?
Smith
200
What is the name of the project that was completed in 2003, where scientists determined the entire nucleotide sequence of each human chromosome.
The Human Genome Project
200
What is the name of a tool that is used to compare DNA samples with a database of known organisms?
BLAST (GenBank)
200
What days were the antibiotics most likely missed?
Day 4-5
200
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Hearing loss involving the nerve pathways from your inner ear to your brain.
200
What type of vaccine uses one pathogen to cure a different, but similar pathogen?
Similar pathogen vaccine (cow pox)
200
What type of disease includes a genetic component as well as lifestyle behaviors?
Multi-factorial
200
What is the term for when a sample of the placenta is taken from inside the uterus to test for chromosomal abnormalities?
CVS (Chorionic Villus sampling)
200
What are the three strategies used in gene therapy?
Insert, repair, disable
300
What is the collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics?
Bioinformatics
300
What is a protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen and marks it for elimination?
Antibody
300
Which genetic transfer strategy uptakes free-floating DNA from the environment?
Transformation
300
Which antibiotic class that creates competitive inhibition which inhibits the growth of bacteria?
B-Lactams, Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides?
Sulfonamides
300
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by something that stops sounds from getting through the outer or middle ear.
300
What type of vaccine uses a weakened, live version of the pathogen?
Live-attenuated
300
What type of disorder is Down Syndrome an example of?
Chromosomal
300
What is the visual display of chromosome pairs to inspect for mutations, deletions, additions...
Karyotyping
300
What is the purpose of gene therapy?
Cure disease
400
What is a sudden rise in the incidence of a disease?
Outbreak
400
What is the term for anything that causes an immune response?
Antigen
400
What gene transfer method has direct cell to cell contact with another bacterial cell?
Conjugation
400
Which class of antibiotic inhibits the enzyme responsible for the super-coiling of DNA?
B-Lactams, Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides?
Fluoroquinolones
400
What components of the ear make up the outer ear?
Pinna, external ear canal
400
What type of vaccine uses a purified toxin produced by an antigen to illicit an immune response?
Toxoid
400
What type of disorder can only be passed from mother to child?
Mitochondrial
400
What is the term for when egg and sperm are fertilized in a lab before being implanted in the woman?
In vitro fertilization
400
List two criteria for when choosing a disease for gene therapy:
Has to have no known cure, mutation must be on one gene only, accessibility to the target tissue
500
What is a specific causative agent of disease?
Pathogen
500
What is the measure of how much of one substance is mixed with another substance?
Concentration
500
What gene transfer method uses vectors to inject DNA directly into the cell?
Transduction
500
Which antibiotic class prevents the continuation of protein synthesis?
B-Lactams, Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones or sulfonamides?
Tetracyclines
500
What component of the ear sends the signal to the brain for interpretation?
Auditory nerve
500
What is the term for indirect immunity due to a large number of the population getting vaccinated?
Herd Immunity
500
Give me an example of a SNP using this DNA sequence:
TTTATGG
TATATGG
500
What is the term for testing embryos fertilized in vitro for disease before implanting in the uterus?
PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing)
500
What is CRISPR?
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats: Genetic editing tool that uses restriction enzymes and guide RNA to locate and alter genes of interest.
600
Who are the people responsible for carrying out the work of finding connections between individuals and track disease exposure?
Contact tracers
600
How can a standard curve be used to determine the concentration of a solution?
Compare and contrast unknown concentrations against known concentration values by color saturation
600
What gene transfer method occurred when we mixed 2 different bacteria that were resistant to 2 different antibiotics, and ended with both bacteria being resistant to both antibiotics?
Conjugation
600
What is a Super-Bug?
Bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics and thus harder to kill
600
Which hearing test uses a tuning fork?
Rinne
600
What is DNA that has been formed artificially by combining DNA from two or more different organisms.
Recombinant DNA
600
Select from the list below those that are involved in the PCR process:
Primary antibodies, primers, taq polymerase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, DNA nucleotides, restriction enzymes
Primers, taq polymerase, DNA nucleotides
600
What is a diagnostic imaging technique which uses sound waves to create images of internal structures?
Ultrasound
600
Name 2 symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
- Very salty-tasting skin.
- Persistent coughing, at times with phlegm.
- Frequent lung infections including pneumonia or bronchitis.
- Wheezing or shortness of breath.
- Poor growth or weight gain in spite of a good appetite.
- Frequent greasy, bulky stools or difficulty with bowel movements.
- Nasal polyps.
700
What test combines targeted tagging with antibodies and an enzyme reaction that produces a visible color change, to test for the presence of disease antigens or antibodies produced in response to that antigen?
ELISA
700
Put these in order as they are added in an ELISA:
Antigen, substrate, primary antibody, secondary antibody with enzyme.
Antigen, primary antibody, secondary antibody with enzyme, substrate
700
List two ways we can prevent antibiotic resistance:
Don't over-prescribe antibiotics, take as directed, do not miss doses
700
Is there hearing loss with the following results from a Rinne test: Air conduction: 40 secs Bone Conduction: 12
Yes
700
What is a vaccine?
Pathogen imposter- tricks the immune system to mount a defense while not getting sick
700
How many double strands of DNA will you have after four cycles of PCR if you started with one double strand?
16
700
What trimester can an amniocentesis be safely performed?
Second trimester: 14-28 weeks
800
If an antibiotic prevents bacteria from forming pili, how does this help get rid of the bacteria?
Prevents bacteria from attaching to other cells and infecting them too.
800
Put these steps in the correct order that are used to identify pathogens:
DNA Sequencing, BLAST, PCR, DNA extraction
DNA extraction, PCR, DNA sequencing, BLAST
800
Put these genetic testing steps in order:
a. Amplify the specific gene using PCR
b. Isolate the DNA from the subject
c. Use gel electrophoresis to visualize results
d. Digest DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes
b, a, d, c
800
Why are viruses good to use as vectors?
Because viruses are already so good at infecting other cells and can deliver new genes easily.