NEUROLOGY
A dilated or “blown” pupil implies compression of this Cranial nerve
what is OCULOMOTOR NERVE?
The initial ECG manifestation of hyperkalemia is this
what is PEAKED ( TALL TENTED) T WAVES?
This disease is the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissues. It may be caused by the following: air leaking from within the pleura, for example, from a pneumothorax; mediastinal air, for example, from a ruptured esophagus; or gas-forming organisms. It may also be caused iatrogenically from insertion of chest tubes and central lines.
what is SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA?
The urine protein to creatinine (using a random urine specimen) ratio has been shown to have a good correlation with the 24-hour urine protein determination.
what is URINE ACR : The urine protein to creatinine (using a random urine specimen)?
this condition is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency.
what is TYPE 1 DM?
The first step in treating patients with neurologic disease is this
what is LOCALISATION OF LESION?
This is an unusual cause of angina caused by coronary vasospasm. Patients are typically younger and often female. Treatment is based primarily on the use of calcium channel blockers and nitrates.
what is PRINZMETAL'S ANGINA?
Careful palpation of the chest sometimes reveals costochondral tenderness, often with swelling, which may be the source of unexplained pain in the chest. The condition, also called costochondritis may be caused by stress or trauma to rib structures at one or more costochondral junctions.
what is TIETZE'S SYNDROME?
this condition is a functional kidney failure that occurs in end-stage liver cirrhosis with ascites.
what is Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)?
This condition is associated with hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, and symptoms associated with these conditions.
what is PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM?
This disease often produce pyramidal tract deficits, sphincter problems, and a sensory level.
what is SPINAL CORD DISEASE?
This is a condition in which patients describe typical exertional anginal symptoms, yet are found on cardiac catheterization to have nondiseased, normal epicardial coronary arteries. In such patients, microvascular coronary artery constriction or endothelial dysfunction plays a role in leading to ischemia and angina.
what is Microvascular angina, previously called “Cardiac syndrome X,”?
The five most common pulmonary causes of clubbing are
1. Lung cancer 2. Bronchiectasis 3. Lung abscesses 4. Cystic fibrosis 5. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
this condition is a kidney injury syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of edema, new or worsening hypertension, and an active urinary sediment.
what is Acute glomerulonephritis?
This condition is caused by a pituitary tumor that secretes excess growth hormone, which causes damage to bones, joints, the heart, and other organs and is associated with considerable morbidity and excess mortality
what is ACROMEGALY?
If this nerve is damaged, the entire side of the face is weak.
what is LMN LESION OF FACIAL NERVE?
Up to 5% of all hypertension cases are secondary, meaning that a specific cause can be identified. MENTION FIVE (5) Causes of secondary hypertension
what are renal artery stenosis, renal parenchymal disease, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s disease, hyperparathyroidism, aortic coarctation, and sleep apnea.?
MDR TB is defined as.......
what is TB mycobacterium resistant to at least ISONIACID and RIFAMPICIN?( 2 MOST POTENT TB DRUGS)
this condition is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid loss of kidney function that often results in ESKD.
what is Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?
Spontaneous or easily provoked hypokalemia in a hypertensive patient should suggest the possibility of this condition
what is primary hyperaldosteronism.?
This disease typically presents with subacute to chronic, fatigable, proximal arm and leg weakness, ptosis, and diplopia.
what is MYASTHENIA GRAVIS?
Five (5) Clinical syndromes associated with hypertensive emergency include the following
what are hypertensive encephalopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, unstable angina/acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, dissecting aortic aneurysm, or eclampsia.?
Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR TB) is defined as.....
what is A TYPE OF MDR TB THAT IS RESISTANT TO ISONIACID AND RIFAMPICIN PLUS ANY FLUOROQUINOLONE AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE THE THREE INJECTABLE SECOND LINE DRUGS
Primary nephrotic syndrome is caused by one of the following four diseases and the diagnosis is made based on a combination of clinical features, kidney biopsy findings, laboratory findings, and genetic testing.
what are 1) minimal change disease,
2)focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,
3) membranous nephropathy,
4) membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
The best screen for primary hyperaldosteronism is .....
what is PA/PRA ratio?
ratio of plasma aldosterone to plasma renin activity (PA/PRA ratio) greater than 20. Most cases of primary hyperaldosteronism result from bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism).