Anatomy & Physiology
What is the largest organ in the human body?
If an enzyme’s temperature increases beyond its optimal range, what happens to its activity?
It decreases due to denaturation
What is the basic unit of life?
The Cell
Who is known as the “Father of Modern Medicine”?
Hippocrates
What is the normal body temperature in Fahrenheit?
Around 98.6°F
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Left Ventricle
What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?
As pH decreases, hydrogen ion concentration increases
What cellular organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondrion
What does the Hippocratic Oath emphasize doctors to not do?
Do No Harm
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
In genetics, what is the probability of two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) producing a homozygous recessive offspring?
25%
What stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What principle means keeping patient information private?
What is the normal resting heart rate range for adults?
60–100 bpm
What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
Filtration! Filters waste products from the blood and producing urine
A molecule moves across a membrane without energy but down its concentration gradient — what type of transport is this?
Passive or Facilitated Difussion
What type of bond holds the two DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds
What unethical study in the U.S. involved withholding treatment from Black men with syphilis?
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study
What is the medical term for a heart attack?
Myocardial infarction
Name at least 2 out of the 4 major types of tissue in the body.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
If blood pH drops, how might the respiratory system compensate?
Increase breathing rate to expel CO₂
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus; prokaryotes do not
What was Henrietta Lacks’ main ethical significance in medical research?
Her cells (HeLa cells) were used without consent, raising issues about patient rights
What is the ABC rule in emergency medicine?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation