GI/GU Systems
What is the main function of the large intestine
Absorb water and form stool
What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?
H. pylori infection
What is the most common symptom of diverticulitis?
Left lower quadrant abdominal pain
Where is pain from cholecystitis typically located
Right upper quadrant, may radiate to right shoulder
What is the most common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
dysuria - painful urination and frequency
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
A client with GERD should avoid which types of foods?
Fatty, spicy, caffeine, chocolate, citrus, alcohol
What is the main risk factor for colorectal cancer?
Family history, high-fat/low-fiber diet, age over 50
Which skin change is common with liver failure
Jaundice - yellowing of the skin
Why???
What is the term for kidney stones?
nephrolithiasis or renal calculi
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is a major complication of esophageal varices?
hemorrhage/bleeding
What is the characteristic of the stool associated with GI bleeding?
Black, tarry stools - melena
What blood test is most specific for pancreatitis?
Serum lipase
What is the normal adult urinary output per hour
at least 30 mL
What sphincter prevents reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus?
lower esophageal/cardiac
What is the cause of Barrett's esophagus?
GERD
Name two complications of Crohn's disease.
Fistulas, malnutrition, bowel obstruction, abscess
What dietary recommendation is best for a patient with gallstones?
low-fat diet
What is the priority intervention for a patient with urinary retention?
assess bladder distention, may need catheterization
what conditions may cause retention?
Name the structures urine pass through from the kidneys to elimination
Kidney -> Ureters -> Bladder -> Urethra
What would be the priority assessment for a patient with gastroenteritis?
dehydration, vital signs, skin, labs
A client diagnosed with a paralytic ileus is assessed to have active bowel sounds and flatus. What does this indicate?
bowels working
Name one complication of cirrhosis of the liver.
Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, esophageal varices, portal hypertension
Which lab values indicate kidney function?
BUN, creatinine, GFR
Where are these values found?
What tube color(s) do you use?