Valves
Circulation
Pressures
Systolic and Diastolic
Congenital Anamolies/Diseases
100
In what window can you see the right posterior leaflet and anterior leaflet of the Pulmonic Valve?
What is the Parasternal Short Axis
100
What three arteries direct blood from the left ventricle to the cephalic portion of the body?
What is brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery
100
What is rule number one?
What is When a normal valve is open the pressures are the same.
100
When it comes to contraction of the heart... What happens first electrical or mechanical?
What is electrical.
100
What are the most common encountered congenital heart lesions diagnosed in adults? (two different ones)
What is Bicuspid AOV and ASD.
200
What are the three papillary muscles of the Atrioventrivular Valve of the pulmonary circulatory system?
What is the posterior, anterior, and septal papillary muscles.
200
In fetal circulation it is large and plays a role in directing flow across the Right Atrium and through the Foramen Ovale.
What is Eustachian Valve.
200
The pressure obtained by a pulmonary artery wedge measurement equals the pressure in what chamber or great vessels?
What is Left Atrium
200
During what phase of Diastole would you hear the 3rd heart sound?
What is early rapid filling.
200
It's most common cause is Coxsackie virus B?
What is Myocarditis
300
When performing M-Mode on the Mitral Valve and there is a dicrotic notch between the A point and C point what would this indicate?
What is LVEDP.
300
What are the numerous minute veins called that return blood from the myocardium directly to the Right Atrium without entering into the cardiac venous system.
What is venae thebesii.
300
What is the classic M-mode finding of pulmonary hypertension?
What is a flying "W" with an absent "a" wave
300
In relationship to cardiac function... What is the Force-Velocity relationship?
What is the greater the force required to eject the blood during systole the slower the velocity of the muscle fiber shortening.
300
Complications include: -pericardial effusion -tamponade -constrictive pericarditis
What is Pericarditis
400
What cardiac cycle are all the valves closed and the ventricular volume remains the same, atrial volumes change, the ventricular pressure increases, and the ventricle walls thicken?
What is Isovolumic Contraction Time (IVCT)
400
What is persistent fetal circulation?
What is the result of pulmonary hypertension with persistent right to left shunting across the patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus because pressures never changed.
400
What is RVSP if the Tricuspid Regurg has a velocity of 5 m/s?
What is 110 mmHG
400
What allows for atrial systole to reach completion before ventricular systole begins?
What is the AV node.
400
What is pulsus paradoxus and what disease is it associated with?
What is cardiac tamponade.... an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure with inspiration
500
What acts as valves in the development of the fetal heart and provides communication between the primitive atrium and primitive ventricles?
What is atrioventricular canal.
500
The area between the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum that is prone to aortic dissections particularly those caused by deceleration injuries.
What is aortic isthmus
500
At cardiac catheterization a patient has equal end diastolic pressures between both atria and both ventricles suggesting what....
What is constrictive pericarditis
500
If you have a normal E/A ratio and you have a combination of decreased diastolic compliance and increased ventricular filling pressure what stage if Diastolic disfunction is it? (ex: normal, stage I, stage II (pseudo normal), stage III, or stage IV)
What is stage II or psuedonormal.
500
What disease has echo findings as follow: -tricuspid valve leaflets are rigid -right heart failure -tricuspid stenosis -pulmonary insufficiency
What is Carcinoid heart disease
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