Upper Respiratory Tract
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
laryng/o/plegia:
-plegia: paralysis
bronchi/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
bronch/itis: inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.
-capnia
carbon dioxide (CO2)
hyper/capnea: excessive or above normal CO2 in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration.
peri-
around
peri/tonsill/ar: around or pertaining to the tonsils
cyan/o
blue
cyan/osis: results from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
trache/o/plasty: performed to correct a narrow or stenotic trachea.
alveol/o
alveolus; air sac
alveol/ar
-ar: pertaining to
-osmia
smell
an/osmia: a loss, usually partial, of the sense of smell.
brady-
slow
brady/pnea: slow breathing
spir/o
breathe
spir/o/meter: evaluates the movement of air into and out of the lungs (ventilation).
epiglott/o
epiglottis
epiglottitis: because the epiglottis seals the opening to the lungs, inflammation can lead to severe airway obstruction and death. Epiglottitis is treated as a medical emergency.
pleur/o
pleura
each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals.
-phonia
voice
dys/phonia: usually signifies dysfunction in the muscles needed to produce sound.
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
dys/pnea: painful or difficult breathing
phren/o
diaphragm; mind
phren/o/spasm: involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (hiccup!).
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
pharyng/o/scope
-scope: instrument for examining
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air; lung
pneum/o/lith
-lith: stone, calculus
pneumon/ia
-ia: condition
-ptysis
spitting
hem/o/ptysis: spitting blood. Usually a sign of serious condition of the lungs.
eu-
good, normal
eu/pnea: normal breathing
orth/o
straight
orth/o/pnea
-pnea: breathing
Discomfort in breathing that is relieved by sitting or standing in an erect position.adenoid/o
adenoids
The adenoids are glands located in the roof of the mouth, behind the soft palate where the nose connects to the throat. The adenoids produce antibodies, or white blood cells, that help fight infections.
pulmon/o
lung
pulmon/o/logist
-logist: specialist in the study of
-thorax
chest
hem/o/thorax: type of pleural effusion containing blood and commonly associated with severe trauma to the chest.
tachy-
rapid
tachy/pnea: rapid breathing
pector/o
chest
pector/algia:
-algia: chest pain
AKA: thoracalgia or thoracodynia