Medications
A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. Which OTC drug classification should he or she avoid?
A.Antacids B.Antitussives C.Laxatives
D.Nasal decongestants
nasal decongestants
Which of the following is NOT an effect of narcotics?
A.Analgesia B.CNS stimulation C.Euphoria D.Sedation
CNS stimulation
Which of the following is NOT an antihistamine?
A.budesonide B.cetirizine C.diphenhydramine D.loratadine
budesonide
Which condition is pseudoephedrine indicated?
A.Congestion B.Diarrhea C.GERD D.Rhinitis
congestion
Which of the following drugs, if expired, may be fatal to the patient?
A.ampicillin B.ciprofloxacin C.metronidazole D.tetracycline
tetracycline
Rationale:
If tetracycline is taken after it has passed its expiration date established by the manufacturer, the patient may die. If the other products are taken after they have expired, the effectiveness will not be guaranteed by the manufacturer, and the patient may experience side effects.
A drug–drug interaction is correctly defined as when ________.
A.medications may cause problems if taken together
B.drugs may cause problems with the patient's medical condition
C.drugs may cause problems if taken with specific foods
D.a drug is identified as a drug allergy on the patient record
medications may cause problems if taken together
Rationale:
A drug–drug interaction is when medications may cause problems if taken together. A drug–disease interaction is when drugs may cause problems with the patient's medical condition. A drug–food interaction is when drugs may cause problems if taken with specific foods. A drug–allergy interaction is identified when a patient is prescribed a drug that matches a drug allergy in the patient record.
Which USP term is assigned to any temperature between 15° C and 30° C?
A.Freezer B.Cold C.Cool D.Room temperature
Room temperature
Rationale:
Room temperature is any temperature between 15° C and 30° C (59° F and 86° F). Storage temperature
terms assigned by the USP include the following: freezer temperature is maintained thermostatically between -25° C and -10° C (-13° F and 14°F); cold is not to exceed 8° C (46° F); cool is any temperature between 8° C and 15° C (46° F and 59° F)
All the following drugs are indicated for asthma EXCEPT ________.
A.albuterol B.ipratropium C.isoniazid D.salmeterol
isoniazid
Rationale:
Isoniazid (INH) is indicated to treat tuberculosis. Albuterol (Proventil HFA), ipratropium (Atrovent HFA), and salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) are used to treat asthma.
What is the indication for Truvada?
A.Acne B.Bacterial infections C.Fungal infections D.HIV infections
HIV infections
Rationale:
Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovit) is indicated for HIV infections.
A patient has been prescribed a loop diuretic; which auxiliary label should be affixed to the prescription bottle?
A.Avoid dairy products one hour before or two hours after a meal
B.Do not drink alcohol
C.Take at bedtime
D.May cause photosensitivity; use sunscreen
May cause photosensitivity; use sunscreen
Rationale:
Patients taking loop diuretics may experience photosensitivity and should use sunscreen.
A patient is allergic to sulfa medications. Which of the following medications found in the patient's profile should be brought to the attention of the pharmacist?
A.Bactrim DS B.Cymbalta C.Keflex D.Lescol
Bactrim DS
Rationale:
Bactrim DS is classified as a sulfa antibiotic, Cymbalta is an SNRI, Keflex is a cephalosporin, and Lescol is an HMB CoA reductase inhibitor.
A physician ordered a blood cholesterol test for a patient. The results of the test indicated the patient had a blood cholesterol level of 240 mg/mL. Which of the following medications would be appropriate to dispense?
A.amlodipine B.bupropion C.esomeprazole D.simvastatin
simvastatin
Rationale:
Simvastatin is indicated for elevated cholesterol levels. Amlodipine is indicated for hypertension, bupropion is used to treat depression, and esomeprazole is used for GERD.
A patient has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following medications is an appropriate treatment for this condition?
A.enoxaparin B.lovastatin C.pramipexole D.pregabalin
enoxaparin
Rationale:
Enoxaparin is indicated for deep vein thrombosis. Lovastatin is indicated for hypercholesterolemia, pramipexole is indicated for Parkinson disease, and pregabalin is indicated for neuropathic pain.
Stomach irritation is an example of an adverse effect associated with all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A.acetaminophen B.aspirin C.corticosteroids D.NSAIDs
acetaminophen
Rationale:
A common side effect of aspirin, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs is stomach irritation; acetaminophen does not produce this side effect.
Which dosage form may either be oil-in-water or water-in-oil?
A.Capsule B.Emulsion C.Suspension D.Suppository
Emulsion
Rationale:
There are two types of emulsions, oil-in-water and water-in-oil. Emulsions are dispersions, in which one liquid is dispersed in another immiscible liquid.
A patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis; which of the following medications is an appropriate treatment?
A.azithromycin B.clarithromycin C.isoniazid D.prednisone
isoniazid
A patient comes to the pharmacy seeking a prescription refill. The patient does not know the prescription number or the name of the medication. The patient knows the medication is used to replace potassium lost due to diuretic use. After reviewing the patient's profile and speaking to the pharmacist, the pharmacy technician knows the patient is requesting which medication?
A.Coreg B.Micro-K C.Lasix D.Multag
Micro K
Rationale:
Micro-K is a potassium supplement. Coreg is used for cardiac issues such as hypertension. Lasix is a diuretic. Multag is used to control arrhythmias.
A generic drug may be substituted for a proprietary drug provided the nonproprietary drug ________.
A.has fewer adverse effects than the brand name drug B.has the same NDC number as the brand drug C.is bioequivalent to the brand name drug D.is less expensive than the brand name drug
is bioequivalent to the brand name drug
Rationale:
Manufacturers must conduct studies to determine whether their version of a drug is bioequivalent to the original drug. The generic version must release its active ingredient (the drug) into the bloodstream at virtually the same speed and in virtually the same amounts as the original drug.
Which of the following antibiotics begins with a loading dose?
A.Amoxicillin/clavulanate B.Azithromycin C.Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim D.Tetracycline
Azithromycin
Which term defines the process of how drugs are handled in the body?
A.Pharmacodynamics B.Pharmacokinetics C.Pharmacology D.Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacokinetics
Rationale:
Pharmacokinetics is the process of how drugs are handled in the body. Pharmacodynamics refers to the drug's effects on the body. Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms. Pharmacotherapeutics is the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs.
A patient comes to the pharmacy seeking a prescription refill. The patient does not know their prescription number or the name of the medication; however, they know that it is used to relieve the symptoms of atrial fibrillation. After reviewing the patient's profile and speaking to the pharmacist, the patient is requesting which medication?
A.adalimumab B.digoxin C.lamotrigine D.lisinopril
digoxin
Rationale:
Digoxin is indicated in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Adalimumab is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, lamotrigine is used for bipolar disorders, and partial seizures and lisinopril is used in treating hypertension.
Which of the following incompatibilities would be most aptly described as therapeutic incompatibility?
A.The presence of light may cause deterioration of the ingredients.
B.It occurs because of changes in solubility, which may result in changes in color or the formation of a precipitate.
C.A change in the pH of a solution, the use of buffers, and the type of solvent used may create problems.
D.It occurs because of mixing together of two or more ingredients, resulting in a change in the therapeutic response of the drugs.
It occurs because of mixing together of two or more ingredients, resulting in a change in the therapeutic response of the drugs.
Rationale:
A therapeutic incompatibility is the mixing together of two or more ingredients, resulting in a change in the therapeutic response of the drugs. The other options describe physical and chemical incompatibilities.
Which of the following medications is administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks for psoriasis?
A.Enbrel B.Humira C.Remicade D.Tazorac
Humira
Rationale:
Humira is administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks. Enbrel is administered subcutaneously weekly, Remicade is injected intravenously every 8 weeks, and Tazorac is administered topically at bedtime.
HIV medications interfere with processes critical to the HIV virus. Which of the following drug classes would likely interfere with an enzyme?
Rationale:
Both NNRTIs and protease inhibitors include the root -ase in their names, indicating these medications interfere with an enzyme.
A.Fusion inhibitors
B.Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
C.Protease inhibitors
D.Both NNRTIs and protease inhibitors
Both NNRTIs and protease inhibitors
Rationale:
Both NNRTIs and protease inhibitors include the root -ase in their names, indicating these medications interfere with an enzyme.
A patient is diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis; which medication is an appropriate treatment?
A.Apidra B.Cytovene C.Remicade D.Solu-Cortef
Remicade
Rationale:
Remicade is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis. Apidra is used in treating diabetes mellitus; Cytovene is used for CMV prophylaxis; and Solu-Cortef is used for corticosteroid-responsive conditions.
Which of the following terms describes when a material or container soaks up all or part of a liquid CSP?
A.Absorption B.Adsorption C.Precipitation D.Separation
Absorption
Rationale:
Absorption refers to the process when a material or container soaks up all or part of a liquid compounded sterile product (CSP). Adsorption takes place when a CSP in a gas or liquid form collects on the surface of a solid or liquid. Precipitation occurs when the solute does not dissolve in solvent. Separation occurs when one of the ingredients separates out of the mixture, such as in compounding a TPN. Creaming, aggregation, and coalescence are examples of separation.
Which drug classification ends with a suffix of -conazole?
A.Antifungal B.Antihistamine C.Bronchodilator D.Proton pump inhibitor
antifungal
All of the following are abbreviations used to indicate various extended-release dosage forms EXCEPT ________.
ERF
Rationale:
Controlled dose (CD), controlled release (CR), and sustained release (SR) are time- or extended-release dosage forms. The abbreviation ERF does not exist in the practice of pharmacy.
Which route of administration is particularly beneficial for patients that are unconscious or are experiencing nausea or vomiting?
A.Buccal route B.Oral route C.Rectal route D.Sublingual route
rectal route
Which vaccine should be protected from light?
A.DTaP B.Hep A C.Hep B D.Zostavax
A patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer disease and is prescribed Aricept; when should it be taken?
A.Bedtime B.Before breakfast C.Every 8 hours D.Every 12 hours
Bedtime
Which of the following is a function of sodium in a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) compound?
A.Promotes bone growth B.Improves muscle function C.Maintains pH of body fluids D.Estalish total body water volume
establishes total body water volume
Which insulin is available as 500 units/mL?
A.Humalog B.Humulin R C.Toujeo D.Tresiba
Humulin R
Which of the following dosage forms is a two-phase system in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid vehicle, which may be oral, topical, or injectable?
A.Aromatic water B.Emulsion C.Suspension D.Tincture
Suspension
Rationale:
A suspension is a two-phase system in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid vehicle, which may be oral, topical, or injectable. An aromatic water is a solution of water-containing oils that have a smell and are volatile. An emulsion consists of one liquid dispersed in another liquid, which may be water in oil (w/o) or oil in water (o/w), and is stabilized through the use of an emulsifying agent. A tincture is an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution consisting of pure chemicals or extracts.
Suffixes are often useful in determining the drug class of a medication. Which of the following suffixes is correctly matched to its drug class?
A.-prazole: Proton pump inhibitor for acidic conditions B.-vastatin: H2 blocker for acidic conditions C.-pril: Cholesterol-lowering medication D.-tidine: ACE inhibitor
prazole: Proton pump inhibitor for acidic conditions
Rationale:
The following drug suffixes are matched to their drug classes:
=-prazole: Proton pump inhibitor for acidic conditions
=-vastatin: Cholesterol-lowering medication
=-pril: ACE inhibitor
=-tidine: H2 blocker for acidic conditions
Which name describes a medication's structure?
A.Brand name B.Chemical name C.Nonproprietary name D.Proprietary name
chemical name
Rationale:
A medication's chemical name describes it structure. The brand and proprietary name are the same and are covered by a patent. The generic and nonproprietary names are the same and are assigned by the USAN.
Which is the concentration of normal saline solution?
A.0.45% B.0.5% C.0.9% D.1%
0.9%
All of the following medications are measured in international units EXCEPT
A.heparin. B.insulin. C.vitamin B6. D.vitamin E.
vitamin B6
Rationale:
Vitamin B is measured in milligrams. Heparin, insulin, and vitamin E are measured in international units.
Which of the following medications carries a Boxed Warning?
A.amoxicillin/clavulanate B.aspirin/dipyridamole C.irbesartan D.trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
irbesartan
Rationale:
Irbesartan (Avapro) carries a boxed warning. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), aspirin/dipyridamole (Aggrenox) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) do not carry a Boxed Warning.
A patient is experiencing an overdose associated with Coumadin; which medication should be prescribed to treat this situation?
A.cyanocobalamin B.folic acid C.phytonadione D.thiamine
phytonadione
Which of the following is a true statement about taking bisphosphonates?
A.Avoid dairy products and antacids containing calcium, magnesium, or iron within 1 hour of the dose.
B.The medication should be taken 30 minutes after the first meal, beverage, or medication of the day. C.The medication should be taken with 6 to 8 ounces of water to avoid esophageal burning.
D.The patient should not lie down for at least 60 minutes after taking the medication.
The medication should be taken with 6 to 8 ounces of water to avoid esophageal burning.
Rationale:
Bisphosphonates should be taken with 6 to 8 ounces of water to avoid esophageal burning. Dairy products and antacids containing calcium, magnesium, or iron should be avoided within 2 hours of dose. The medication should be taken 30 minutes before the first meal, beverage, or medication of the day. The patient should not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
Which of the following insulins may be administered intravenously?
A.insulin aspart B.insulin detemir C.insulin isophane D.insulin lispro
Insulin aspart
Rationale:
Insulin aspart (Novolog) may be administered either intravenously or subcutaneously. Insulin detemir (Levemir), insulin isophane (Humulin N and Novolin N), and insulin lispro (Admelog and Humalog) are administered subcutaneously.
After opening a vial of Humulin 70/30 insulin, how many days is it stable if stored in the refrigerator?
A.10 days B.14 days C.28 days D.Until the expiration date on the bottle
28 days
A patient is prescribed levothyroxine for hypothyroidism; how often should he or she take that medication each day?
A.Once a day B.Twice a day C.Three times a day D.Four times a day
once a day
How is heparin administered to a patient?
A.Intramuscularly B.Intranasally C.Orally D.Subcutaneously
subcutaneously
Which of the following drugs must be taken on an empty stomach 30 minutes before the first meal or beverage of the day?
A.Calcium B.Estrace C.Evista D.Fosamax
Fosamax