Antihypertensives
A persistent dry cough and angioedema is common adverse effect of this class of antihypertensives
What is Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-Inhibitors)
Patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin) should minimize or not add to foods high in this vitamin? What types of foods does this include?
What is Vitamin K; Green leafy vegetables
Gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with this medication- Diarrhea
What is Metformin?
What is the difference between the diuretics Spironolactione (Aldactone) and Furosemide (Lasix)?
What is Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic. Furosemide is a Loop Diuretic.
Effective for serious infections such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. MRSA.
A/E rapid infusion can lead to "red man syndrome" flushing, tachycardia and hypotension. Thrombophlebitis, immune mediated thrombocytopenia.
infuse over 60 minutes or longer
what is Vancomycin ?
These are meant to decrease the heart rate and cardiac output, which in turn lowers the blood pressure and makes the heart beat more slowly with less force
What is Beta Blockers (also known as Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents)
What laboratory tests measures the efficacy of Heparin?
What is Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Most patients with Diabetes will have microalbuminuria as well as elevated blood pressure. This class of BP medications are considered first line because they increase dilation in the arterioles of the kidneys.
What is an Ace Inhibitor?
Loop diuretics block reabsorption of sodium and chloride in
the ascending loop of Henle preventing passive
reabsorption of water
• Profound diuresis occurs
• Onset of action is rapid
• Examples of loop diuretics
– Furosemide (Lasix)
• Give IV slowly over 1-2 min
Adverse effects of loop diuretics
–Hypotension
–Hypokalemia
–Hyponatremia
–Ototoxicity
–Hyperglycemia (inhibits insulin release)
– Hyperuricemia (caution in patients with gout) – Increases LDL, decreased HDL – Dehydration-increased risk of thrombosis – Hypochloremia – Pregnancy Category C – Decreases magnesium-S/S muscle weakness, tremor, twitching, and dysrhythmias – Increases urinary excretion of calcium-used to treat hypercalcemia
What is Lasix?
Third Generation Antibiotic
Active against gram negative organisms
Able to penetrate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Treat meningitis by gram negative- gram positive bacteria.
A/E allergic reaction, thrombophelebitis, fatal precipitate forms with calcium ( do not mix with ringers lactate)
can be given IV or IM.
What is Rocephin?
Mr. A is going down for a Cardiac Cath at 9am. You see that he is on a Heparin gtt when you are receiving bedside report at 730am that is still infusing. What should you do and Why?
What is call the MD to make them aware of the Heparin gtt still infusing. Heparins need to be held 6hrs pre-procedure to prevent bleeding.
What is important to teach your diabetic patient taking a beta blocker?
What is Tachycardia (a symptom of Hypoglycemia) is often masked as a result of beta 1 blockade **Remember Beta 1 affect the Heart and Beta 2 affect the Lungs**
What lab value might indicate an adverse response to hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)?
What is Potassium (Hypokalemia), Glucose (Hyperglycemia)
Used as an alternative to PCN for serious gram positive anaerobic infections. Bacteriodes fragilis.
a/e antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis
diarrhea
What is Clindamycin?
Name the Five Classifications of First Line Antihypertensive Drugs
What is Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB), Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB), Diuretics (more specifically Thiazide Diuretics)
Anticoagulant.
Administered IM only.
caution: bleeding risk, recent surgery-trauma. GI ulcer history, hemorrhagic stroke, hepatic/renal impairment.
Monitor: Cr at baseline, CBC, Plts.
Not indicated for patients with prosthetic heart valve.Cases of prosthetic heart valve thrombosis have been reported in patients with prosthetic valves who have received enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis.
A/E
hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, spinal hematoma, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia, skin necrosis, hepatotoxicity.
What is Lovenox?
Onset of insulin effect is 20-30 minutes
what is regular insulin?
What is important to teach a client who it taking a loop or thiazide diuretic?
What is take the medication early in the day to decrease nocturia.
Fluoroquinolones
uses: urinary, respiratory, GI tracts, bones, joints and soft tissues.
a/e
achilles tendon rupture, and tendinitis (black box warning) GI upset, CNS effects (dizziness, h/a restlessness) Do not take with milk products or iron. elevates levels of coumadin. Not recommended for children < 18. avoid in pregnancy.
What is Ciprofloxacin ?
Antianginals: Vasodilator/Nitrate.
A/E
hypotension, headache, dizziness, nausea.
What is isosorbide mononitrate?
What do you tell your patient what the difference between anticougulant/ antiplatelet is if they ask? what is they ask what are the common medications for each category?
What is Anticoagulants - Helps to prevent harmful clots from forming in the blood vessels (also can prevent clots from getting larger and causing more serious problems) Antiplatelets - Helps to prevent clotting in patients who have had Heart Attack, unstable angina, ischemic strokes, TIA and other forms of cardiovascular disease.
Anticoagulant - Enoxaparin (Lovenox), Heparin, Warfarin (Coumadin) Antiplatelet - Aspirin, Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Which anti-diabetic drug suppresses gluconeogenesis, enhances glucose uptake utilization by muscle and does not promote insulin secretion or cause hypoglycemia?
What is Metformin ?
The nurse would question the health care provider if which type of diuretics is prescribed to a patient with gout?
What is Thiazide diuretics can cause hyperuricemia, which would exacerbate gout. (Chlorothiazide (Diuril), Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide).
Uses- protozoal infections. infections caused by anaerobic bacteria ( Bacteroides fragilis) Infections of the CNS, abdominal organs, bones, joints, skin and soft tissue. Trichomonas vaginalis, Drug of chouce for antibiotic associated colitis caused by Clostridium difficile. Eradicates Helicobacter pylori. Used as prophylaxis for colorectal/abdominal surgery.
a/e
nausea, headache, dry mouth, metallic taste, dark discoloration of urine. Vomiting when combined with alcohol, Increases coumadin levels.
What is Metronidazole- Flagyl.