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A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body
Agonist
The physiologic state in which the amt of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amt of drug absorbed with each dose
Steady state
In pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of a drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
Half life
A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body
Antagonist
Substances that catalyze nearly every biochemical reaction in a cell
Enzymes
A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route:
Bioavalibility
The study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put int othe body until the drug has left the body
Pharmacokinetics
The study of biochemical and physiologic interactions of drugs at their sites of activity
Pharmacodynamics
Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to it's site of action
Distribution
Ration between the toxic and thereapeutic concentrations of a drug:
Therapeutic index
One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Occurs mainly in the liver
Biotransformation
THe time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing
Onset of action
Maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administratino, usually measured in a bold sample of therapetic drug monitoring
Peak level
Length of a time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response:
Duration of actions
Barrier restricting the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities (Bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and CNS. Still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen
Blood brain barrier
The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from it's peak level
Trough level
Initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream
1st pass effect
Drug interactions in which effect of a combo of 2+ drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of individual effects of the same drugs given alone. FOr example 1+1=2
Additive effects
Desired or intended effect of a particular medication
Therapeutic effect
Time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body
peak effect
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. 1+1>2
Synergistic effects
The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation
Dissolution
Movement of a drug from it's site of administration into bloodstream for distribution to the tissues
absorption
Elimination of drugs from the body:
excretion
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