TB
Drug of choice for tuberculosis prophylaxis and a first line drug for active disease.
What is Isoniazide (INH)?
This drug is one of the mainstay treatments in patients with volume overload. Its action is to decrease fluid volume and preload.
What is Lasix (furosemide)?
This medication (name the class AND all the meds) has the following specifications:
ONSET: 10-30 MIN
PEAK: 30 MIN - 3 HRS
DURATION: 3-5 hrs
What is rapid acting insulin AND lispro (humalog), aspart (novolog) & glulisine (apidra)?
Which of the following insulins should never be mixed?
A. Rapid-acting insulins
B. Short-acting insulins
C. Intermediate-acting insulins
D. Long-acting insulins
What is D?
This medication(s) causes vasodilation by acting on the smooth muscle of the vessels. These meds can cause orthostatic hypotension and headache. Erectile agents are contraindicated.
What are nitrates (nitroglycerine, isosorbide)?
This drug may be added for the first 2 months of treatment. Concurrent use of this allows for a shorter course of therapy.
What is pyrazinamide?
The nurse would perform, do, or teach this when administering furosemide (lasix).
What is (any of the following):
1. Monitor blood pressure and for signs of postural hypotension
2. Administer furosemide IV no faster than 20 mg/min
3. Monitor for electrolyte abnormalities
4. Advise patient to supplement with potassium rich foods
5. Monitor daily weights.?
This medication (name the class AND all the meds) has the following specifications:
ONSET: 30 MIN - 1 HR
PEAK: 2 - 4 HRS
DURATION: 5-8 hrs
What is short acting insulin & regular (humilin R, novolin R)?
The home care nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse should tell the client to take which action?
1. Freeze the insulin.
2. Refrigerate the insulin.
3. Store the insulin in a dark, dry place.
4. Keep the insulin at room temperature.
What is 2?
Rationale: Insulin in unopened vials should be stored under refrigeration until needed. Vials should not be frozen. When stored unopened under refrigeration, insulin can be used up to the expiration date on the vial. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
This medication decreases preload and after load. It also decreases anxiety and dyspnea. Monitor for respiratory depression
What is morphine?
Monitor for side effects of numbness and tingling of extremities, hepatotoxicity, anemia with this drug
What is Isoniazide?
This is recommended for patients with Heart Failure with EF less than 40 percent.
Name the(ir) endings for double points (must match them failure will result in double negative)
What is ACE inhibitors? - What is "prils"?
What is ARBs? - What is "sartans"?
This medication (name the class AND all the meds) has the following specifications:
ONSET: 1.5-4 HR
PEAK: 4 - 12 HRS
DURATION: 12-18 hrs
What is intermediate AND NPH?
Your patient’s blood glucose level is 215 mg/dL. The patient is about to eat lunch. Per sliding scale, you administer 4 units of Insulin Lispro (Humalog) subcutaneously at 1130. As the nurse, you know the patient is most at risk for hypoglycemia at what time?
A. 1145
B. 1230
C. 1430
D. 1630
What is B?
The answer is B. If you gave the Lispro at 1130, the patient is at most risk for hypoglycemia 1 hour after administration, which is 1230.
This medication is recommended for patients with an ejection fraction of less than 20% and or atrial fibrillation. This medication prevents thromboembolism.
What is anticoagulants?
With this drug monitor for side effects of hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia. A nurse would also monitor liver fuction tests, cbc, uric acid levels.
What is Pyrazinamide?
This medication reduces the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. This medication is a vasodilator. It decreases fluid volume, increases cardiac output and relieves symptoms of HF. Major side effects include hypotension and hyperkalemia.
What is ACE Inhibitors?
This medication (name the class AND all the meds) has the following specifications:
ONSET: 0.8-4 hrs
PEAK: no real peak
DURATION: 16-24 hrs
What is detemir (levemir) & glargine (lantus) & LONG acting?
The nurse is teaching a client how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. Which action, if performed by the client, indicates the need for further teaching?
1. Withdraws the NPH insulin first
2. Withdraws the regular insulin first
3. Injects air into NPH insulin vial first
4. Injects an amount of air equal to the desired dose of insulin into each vial
What is 1. Withdraws the NPH insulin first?
Rationale: When preparing a mixture of short-acting insulin such as regular insulin with another insulin preparation, the short-acting insulin is drawn into the syringe first. This sequence will avoid contaminating the vial of short-acting insulin with insulin of another type. Options 2, 3, and 4 identify correct actions for preparing NPH and short-acting insulin
This medication is the cornerstone of RA treatment. It slows disease progression by inhibiting inflammatory response. May not see effect for weeks or months. Do not breast feed and avoid pregnancy when you are on this med.
What is methotrexate (DMARDS)?
This medication is used in combination with other antituberculin medications for the treatment of active TB. This medication is given in conjunction with the drug of choice for TB for 6-12 mounts. This medication causes body fluids to turn red-orange.
What is Rifampin?
This medication prevents vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects of angiotensin II. Inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Most serious side effects are angioedema, hypotension, impaired renal function and hyperkalemia.
What is Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?
This oral glucose medication lowers glucose from liver and increases insulin receptor sensitivity. Watch for side effects of diarrhea, hypoglycemia, weight loss.
What is metformin?
The nurse is interviewing a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment for this disorder?
1. "I take oral insulin instead of shots."
2. "By taking these medications, I am able to eat more."
3. "When I become ill, I need to increase the number of pills I take."
4. "The medications I'm taking help release the insulin I already make."
What is 4. "The medications I'm taking help release the insulin I already make."?
Rationale: Clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have decreased or impaired insulin secretion. Oral hypoglycemic agents are given to these clients to facilitate glucose uptake. Insulin injections may be given during times of stress-induced hyperglycemia. Oral insulin is not available because of the breakdown of the insulin by digestion. Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect.
These medications stimulate WBC production. Usually given to cancer patients. When given prophylactically, these meds reduce chemo induced neutropenia.
What is Neupogen (filtration) & Neulasta (pegfilgtastim)?