Cardiology
Which condition shows “boot-shaped” heart on chest X-ray?
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus
What hormone is deficient in diabetes insipidus?
ADH
What tumour marker is associated with colorectal cancer?
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
What ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending loop?
Sodium
What ECG finding is classically seen in hypokalaemia?
U waves
What lung disease shows non-caseating granulomas?
Sarcoidosis
What hormone is overproduced in acromegaly?
GH
What congenital condition causes projectile non-bilious vomiting?
What disease presents with hematuria, hearing loss, and ocular defects?
Alport syndrome
What congenital heart defect presents with a “machine-like” murmur?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Which organism causes pneumonia in alcoholics with “currant jelly” sputum?
Klebsiella
What electrolyte abnormality is seen in Addison’s disease?
Hyperkalaemia
What liver enzyme rises most in cholestasis?
ALP
What renal pathology causes “spike and dome” appearance on EM?
Membranous
Which valve lesion causes a pansystolic murmur radiating to the axilla?
Mitral regurgitation
What organism causes lobar pneumonia with “rusty” sputum?
Pneumococcus
What enzyme deficiency causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
21-hydroxylase
What antibody is associated with autoimmune hepatitis?
ANA
What nephropathy is associated with “tram-track” appearance on EM?
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
A 25-year-old man collapses while playing football. His father died suddenly at 40. ECG shows deep T-wave inversions in the lateral leads.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A 21-year-old student presents with dry cough and fatigue. CXR shows patchy infiltrates; her cold agglutinin test is positive.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A 68yo man with T2DM develops ankle swelling after starting a new medication. His HbA1c improved from 78 → 58 mmol/mol. Which drug is responsible?
Pioglitazone
A 45-year-old man with chronic liver disease presents with vomiting blood. On endoscopy, dilated submucosal veins are seen in the distal oesophagus.
Varices
A 28-year-old man presents with haematuria two days after a sore throat. Urinalysis shows RBC casts, but no proteinuria.
IgA nephropathy