Edward Jenner
What disease did Edward Jenner help to prevent?
Smallpox
From which country did Louis Pasteur come?
France
What was Robert Koch’s occupation?
Doctor and microbiologist
What substance did Alexander Fleming discover by accident?
Penicillin
What less deadly disease did milkmaids catch that protected them from smallpox?
Cowpox
What process did Pasteur invent to make milk and other liquids safer to drink?
Pasteurisation
From which country did Koch come?
Germany
What did he notice in his laboratory?
He noticed that mould had killed the bad bacteria.
What method did Jenner use to test his idea about protection from smallpox?
Variolation. He injected material from a cowpox sore into a young boy to see if it protected him from smallpox.
What did Pasteur discover about germs and disease?
He proved that germs cause disease (Germ Theory).
Name one disease that Robert Koch identified the bacteria for.
Tuberculosis
What type of organism produced penicillin?
Mould
Explain why Jenner’s discovery was important for public health.
It led to the first vaccine, helping to control deadly diseases and prevent epidemics.
How did Pasteur’s discoveries change the way doctors treated patients?
They began sterilising equipment and promoting hygiene to prevent infection.
Why were Koch’s discoveries important for modern medicine?
He proved that specific bacteria cause specific diseases, helping doctors diagnose and treat illnesses accurately.
How did penicillin change medicine around the world?
It became the first antibiotic, allowing doctors to treat bacterial infections effectively and save millions of lives.