The Dynasties
The other name for the Mongol dynasty once they took over China.
Yuan
How did rivers like the Yangtze and Yellow River impact China?
Allowed for more crops fertile soil/loess/silt to grow and more trade and transportation to take place.
What was gunpowder? Why important?
explosive powder used in weapons, fireworks to scare spirits, army
Name of the ruling class of landowners in charge of the government during many dynasties starting with the Tang.
an aristocracy
The Tang emperor followed this religion that believes in the eightfold path to enlightenment and began in India. It worked well with the 3 philosophies.
Buddhism
Which dynasty was known for their explorations led by Zeng He to India the Middle East and Africa?
Ming
What were some results of agricultural changes in China?
-growth of trade and commerce
-production of more food especially rice
-population grew
-land owners grew rich
What was a terrace?
To create flat farmland on hills
A large complex organization of departments and rankings in the government.
Bureaucracy
Name four physical features that protected/helped China grow as a civilization?
Himalayas, Kunlun Mountains, Gobi Desert, Taklimakan Desert, Tibetan Plateau, Pacific Ocean, all the rivers
The Song dynasty used wood block printing to create moveable type which allowed for books to be mass produced and the spread of knowledge and books. What else did they achieve as the Golden Age continued?
-Neo Confucianism blended Buddhism and Daoism with Confucius thought
-poor could move up due to the use of civil service exam
-merchant class grew/cities
-strong economy
-gunpowder
-improved compass
-paper money
How did paper money change the economy?
Easier to buy and sell goods, easier to make and carry than heavy coins
A boat that had a treadmill like function, that propelled the boat with wheels on the bottom of the boat instead of oars on the side. Spedup trade and travel on rivers and lakes.
Paddleboat
What is nepotism?
When you have power because your family has power. Giving relatives (and friends) government positions (Showing favoritism)
Why were the Mongols such skilled conquers?
Horses, catapults, archers, organized and efficient army, cannons, great horseman.
What did the Sui dynasty achieve?
Used a meritocracy government
Rebuilt parts of the great wall
Built the Grand Canal
Reunited China after 300 years of Civil War
Changan new 2nd capital with Luoyang
What is a close door policy versus an open-door policy in government?
Closed door: When you do not trade with those outside of your country
Open door: When you do trade with those outside of your country
What was the grand canal? How used?
A manmade waterway that connected the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers and the capital cities of Louyang and Changan. Transport troops and trade
This government was used by most of the dynasties at some point because they preferred government workers who knew what they were doing. When people had jobs in the government based on their ability or merit it was called a __________________________.
Meritocracy
What was Genghis Khan known for? Why was he important?
-Universal leader united all the nomadic tribes
-Strong army used gunpowder
-Moved China forward by allowing foreigners
-expanded empire to the Caspian Sea
How did the Mongols use the Silk Road to gain power and a larger empire?
-Protect it,
-trade with other world powers
-allowed their empire to grow wealthy in new ideas, people and goods
- great wealth
What urban changes happened in Medieval China?
-crowded cities
-many jobs
-shops lined the streets
-public works built
-culture grew since artists had wealth buyers
What was porcelain and why was it important?
A type of pottery made with clay. Used for trade wealth. Europeans couldn't replicate it until the 1700s.
The _______ ___________ __________ was used in China to strengthen central rule to gain capable government workers. The Sui, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties all continued to expand the use during their rule since they were based on the philosophy of ______________ which guided their lives.
Civil Service Exam
Confucianism
The Tang dynasty was known as the start of China's Golden Age of Art and Culture? Why?
porcelain
perfected block printing
new rice/terracing
water clock
deck of cards
paper money