Charlemagne and Kings
Charlemagne came from this group of Germanic people.
Who are the Franks?
This group of people made up the largest portion of the total population in feudal society.
Who are peasants (or serfs)?
Major developments in this area were the root cause for population growth, increased trade, industry growth, and the revival of towns.
This missionary played a major role in spreading Christianity throughout Ireland.
Who is St. Patrick?
In medieval Europe, the official calendar was primarily used for this purpose.
What is tracking religious holy days?
To help unite his kingdom, Charlemagne created and supported these.
What are schools?
Medieval knights were expected to follow this strict code of conduct requiring bravery and loyalty.
What is the code of chivalry?
Farmers intentionally allowed some fields to lie fallow for this specific purpose.
What is to increase the productivity of the soil?
This set of community guidelines affected the daily lives of monks.
What is the Benedictine Rule?
Francis of Assisi and Clare of Assisi both centered their lives around simplicity, devotion, and founding these religious organizations.
What are mendicant orders?
Charlemagne partnered closely with the Catholic Church to achieve this religious goal in Europe.
What is spreading Christianity to northern Europe?
A medieval manor produced almost everything needed for daily life with very little need for this.
What is outside trade?
This system of crop rotation was beneficial because it increased the total amount of land planted each year.
What is the three-field system?
Popes sent early missionaries into northern Europe primarily to achieve this objective.
What is converting pagans to Christianity?
Medieval towns offered residents significantly more freedom than manors due primarily to this legal and social distinction.
What is being beyond the control of feudal lords?
Under the feudal system, this was the term for the grant of land given by a Lord to his vassal.
What is a fief?
Feudalism brought order to medieval Europe in this specific way. (TWO OPTIONS)
What is creating a strict system of social ranks?
OR
What is providing defense against foreign invaders?
Craft guilds protected craftworkers' financial interests and sustained their operations through this requirement.
What is requiring members to pay fees?
This was considered the Catholic Church's most powerful tool for maintaining authority over people all across Europe.
What is its control over the sacraments?
This Italian Dominican friar and theologian wrote the Summa Theologica, bridging Catholic doctrine with the philosophy of Aristotle.
Who is St. Thomas Aquinas?
Charlemagne's grandfather, Charles "The Hammer" Martel, famously halted the expansion of Muslim forces into Western Europe at this 732 battle.
What is the Battle of Tours?
The king was at the top of the European feudalism pyramid. In Japan, the Emperor was the figurehead at the top, but true political and military power resided with this supreme commander.
What is the Shogun?
The growth of medieval towns and trade routes was severely disrupted in the mid-14th century by this devastating event.
What is the Black Death/Bubonic Plague?
These are the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church.
What are Holy Orders, Baptism, Communion/Eucharist, Matrimony, Last Rites/annointing the sick, Penance, and Confirmation?
Before the invention of the printing press, monks laboriously hand-copied texts in monastery rooms called scriptoria, decorating the pages with gold leaf and vibrant pigments to create these works of art.
What are illuminated manuscripts?