Feudalism
This is the code of conduct knights were expected to obey.
What is chivalry?
City that was the central to the gain control of during the Crusades and is a Holy City in all three monotheistic religions.
This illness wiped out 50-60% of the population of Europe in the 1300s.
What is the Black Plague (Death)?
The court that tried heretics.
Served lords and gave protection in returns for fiefs.
What are vassals?
The gatekeepers of heaven.
This Pope asked for the Crusade in order to do this.
What is remove the Muslims from the city of Jerusalem?
What is the steel plow?
These two rulers were often in conflict with one another.
Who are kings and popes?
This developed as a way to keep peace in Europe. An exchange of land for military service and protection.
What is feudalism?
The office of the Bishop of Rome and the highest position in the Catholic Church.
Who is the Pope?
This Crusade never made it to the Holy Land and was a disaster that led to city of Constantinople being sacked by unpaid soldiers.
What is the Fourth Crusade?
This was invited to grind grain and pump water.
What are windmills?
The movement to unify Spain as a Catholic nation.
What is the Reconquista?
The farmers who were not allowed to leave the land and came in conjunction with the land.
What are serfs?
The official language of the Church in the Middle Ages.
What is Latin?
The natural boundaries of rivers and mountains did the following to Europe in the Middle Ages.
Made the more isolated?
Refusal to convert to Catholicism in Spain would lead to this.
At the center of every fief was a manor and this building.
What is a church?
Recordings of marriages, births, and deaths along with providing for the poor were all responsibilities of this organization.
A treaty between these two leaders at Jaffa allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to enter the city of Jerusalem to worship and trade while the Muslims retained control of the city.
Who are Richard I (Lionheart) and Saladin?
A planting strategy in which one field is empty and others grow different things and this changes yearly in order to increase the harvest by not wearing out the land.
What is crop rotation?
The breakdown of feudalism, bitterness between Christians, Jews, and Muslims, and the establishment of trade routes are example of this.
What are effects of the Crusades?