Crusades
The area in the Middle East, especially Jerusalem, considered sacred by Christians.
The Holy Land
Church officials such as priests, bishops, and the pope. are referred to broadly as "the . . ."
clergy (or ecclesiastical classes)
A social and political system in medieval Europe where nobles offered protection and land in return for service.
Feudalism
A physical object from the past, often with religious significance (e.g. saint’s bones, holy items).
relic
Who were the three noblemen fighting for Britain in 1066?
Bonus 100: Who won?
Harold Godwinson, Harald Hadrada and William of Normandy
The pope who initiated the First Crusade in 1095.
Pope Urban II
A large and important church, often the seat of a bishop.
Cathedral
A self-sufficient estate controlled by a lord and worked by peasants and serfs.
Manor
A hand-written document, often created by monks before the invention of the printing press.
manuscript
a private or secret meeting or assembly used to elect the new pope
conclave
A Muslim group whose control of the Holy Land prompted the Crusades.
Seljuk Turks
Sacred rituals such as baptism and communion. (begins with 's')
Sacraments
The code of conduct followed by knights, emphasizing bravery, honor, and respect for women and the weak.
Chivalry
Physical remains such as castles, weapons, or tools that help us learn about the past.
archaeological evidence
A person holding beliefs other than the main/recognised religions
Pagan
1) A holy city at the center of Crusader conflict
2) to which three religious groups?
Jerusalem
Christians, Jews and Muslims
Being officially excluded from the Church and its sacraments.
excommunicated
A person who received land in exchange for loyalty and service to a lord. (begins with 'v')
Vassal
A writing material made from animal skin, commonly used in medieval manuscripts
parchment
Used to determine guilt or innocence, where the accused faced a painful or dangerous test believed to reveal divine judgment
Trial by Ordeal
What the Pope promised soldiers who died (beginning with 'a')
absolution
Beliefs or opinions that went against Church teachings.
heresy
Fancy term for a piece of land granted to a vassal by a lord.
fief
The viewpoint or background of the source’s creator, influenced by their role, time, and society.
perspective
Name 3 positive and 3 negative contributions of the Catholic Church
Positives: it provided social stability, established educational institutions, and offered charitable services, moral guidance and structure.
Negatives: it exerted immense political power, sometimes acted corruptly, and was intolerant of dissent, used fear to control masses with threat of excommunication or hell