The Enlightment
Who is known as the "Father of Liberalism" and believed in natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
What does the word "Renaissance" mean?
Rebirth
Who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe?
Copernicus
What idea did Montesquieu introduce to prevent tyranny in government?
Separation of powers
Name one famous Renaissance artist known for works like the Sistine Chapel ceiling or the Mona Lisa.
Michelangelo or Leonardo da Vinci
What tool did Galileo use to observe celestial bodies and support heliocentrism?
Telescope
Which Enlightenment thinker advocated for freedom of speech and religious tolerance?
Voltaire
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italy's wealth, trade networks, and classical heritage made it the ideal starting point.
What book did Isaac Newton publish that outlined his laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Principia Mathematica
What is Rousseau's concept of the "Social Contract"?
The idea that government should be based on the general will of the people.
What intellectual movement during the Renaissance focused on human potential and achievements?
Humanism
What was Descartes' famous philosophical statement?
"I think, therefore I am"
What economic philosophy did Adam Smith promote in his book "The Wealth of Nations"?
Free markets and capitalism
How did Islamic scholars contribute to the Renaissance?
They preserved and translated classical texts, which were later rediscovered in Europe.
What was the significance of Kepler's laws of planetary motion?
They described the elliptical orbits of planets and laid the foundation for modern astronomy.