Feudalism
This individual was at the highest level of the feudal system and owned and controlled all the land.
Who is the King/Monarch?
The person who owned land and granted fiefs to vassals was known as this.
Who is a lord?
This was the holy book of the Christian faith.
What is the Bible?
Most medieval towns were surrounded by these for protection.
What are walls?
Another name for the Bubonic Plague, this disease devastated Europe in the 1300s.
What is the Black Death?
The bubonic plague came to Europe from this continent.
What is Asia?
This was the lowest class in feudal society, bound to work the land for their lord.
Who are serfs?
Large fortified homes for lords and nobles.
What are castles?
As head of the Catholic Church, this man often held more power than kings.
Who is the Pope?
To prove innocence, people might undergo a dangerous test like carrying hot iron.
What is a trial by ordeal?
This English weapon was faster and more accurate than the French crossbow during the Hundred Years’ War.
What is the longbow?
This conflict between England and France lasted over a century, changing both nations’ identities.
What is the Hundred Years’ War?
To become a knight, a boy first served as a page, then as a ______.
What is a squire?
This nomadic group from Scandinavia raided European villages before settling in places like Normandy.
Who were the Vikings?
These grand, ornate buildings served as centers of worship and community life.
What are cathedrals?
These groups of craftspeople controlled prices and training in their trades.
What are guilds?
This French peasant girl claimed to hear the voice of God and helped lead France to victory.
Who is Joan of Arc?
This military invention weakened the power and importance of castles and mounted knights
What is gunpowder?
In exchange for land, this person swore loyalty to a lord and promised military service.
Who is a vassal?
This was the code of conduct that all knights were expected to follow.
What is chivalry?
These were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims.
What are the Crusades?
This was a medieval practice of fighting to prove one’s innocence.
What is trial by combat?
Because of the bubonic plague’s death toll, this group gained power by demanding higher wages.
Who were the peasants (or serfs)?
The love of one’s country and loyalty to its ruler — a feeling that grew after the Hundred Years’ War.
What is nationalism?
This famous battle in 1066 gave William the Conqueror control of England.
What is the Battle of Hastings?
He was called the “Father of Europe” for uniting much of Western Europe under his rule.
Who is Charlemagne?
Most learning in early medieval Europe took place in these religious communities.
What are monasteries?
Once an apprentice mastered his craft, he became a ____.
What is a journeyman?
This new concept — a group of citizens deciding guilt — developed in medieval English courts.
What is a jury?
The document, signed in 1215, limited royal power and gave nobles more rights.
What is the Magna Carta?