Medieval Europe
The social system based on land ownership and loyalty developed after the fall of Rome.
What is feudalism?
This group of people worked on the land under the feudal system.
Who are peasants and serfs?
Sacraments.
What are sacred rituals believed to convey divine grace?
The major event which led to a labor shortage and weakened feudalism.
What is the plague?
The primary goals of the Crusades.
What are military expeditions to regain control of the Holy Land?
The powerful landowners who granted land to vassals.
Who are lords?
A fief.
What is land granted by a lord to a vassal?
The area in which the Church played a crucial role during the medieval period?
What is education and preservation of knowledge?
One of the technological advancements that changed warfare during the decline of feudalism.
What is gunpowder or cannons?
The city the Crusaders were primarily trying to capture.
What is Jerusalem?
The main role of the Church during the decline of the Roman Empire?
What is providing order and security?
Vassals were obligated to provide this in exchange for land.
What is loyalty and military service?
The Church impacted literature during the Middle Ages in this manner.
What is by producing and preserving manuscripts and religious texts?
How the decline of the Catholic Church's power affects feudalism.
What is it contributed to the decline of feudal structures?
How did the Crusades affect trade in Europe?
What is they expanded trade and increased demand for goods?
One reason why literacy was low during medieval times.
What is limited access to education, especially outside the Church?
Feudalism could create conflicts of loyalty because of this.
What is because vassals could owe allegiance to multiple lords?
The four powers of the Church.
What is royal favor, monopoly, control of sacraments, or land?
These began to replace knights as kings established standing armies.
What are professional soldiers?
The political effect of the Crusades on European monarchies.
What is they strengthened monarchies and weakened feudal lords?
Describe how Latin evolved into different languages after the fall of Rome.
What is Latin evolved into Romance languages such as French, Spanish, and Italian?
One way feudalism impacted the political structure in Europe.
What is it decentralized power and created a feudal hierarchy?
When the Church’s power reaches its peak.
What is during the Middle Ages?
The ways in which feudalism created a complicated web of loyalties.
What is vassals owing allegiance to multiple lords, leading to conflicts?
The social impact of the Crusades on European society.
What is cultural exchange or increased intolerance?