The Church
What was the Great Western Schism?
The Great Western Schism was a split in the Catholic Church that was caused by three rival popes claiming they were the true head of the Church.
What was the Black Plague?
The plague was a sickness that spread through Europe, and it caused a large number of people to die, almost half of Europe.
What were the Crusades?
The Crusades were holy wars carried out to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Which war strained the economies of both England & France and lasted over a century?
Hundred Years' War
Which English king had six wives?
Henry VIII
How did the Great Western Schism affect the Church?
It caused loss in belief due to the arguments that broke out as well as destroying its unity throughout Europe.
Why didn't the Mongols conquer Northern Asia?
Too cold to maintain supplies and not enough resources there to justify conquering.
What was the purpose of universities of this time period?
The purpose of universities of this time was to teach religion, law, and mathematics among other things.
The Hundred Years' War inspired what kind of feeling amongst common people that helped them unite?
National feeling (Nationalism)
What was the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America in 1620?
Mayflower
What are the main differences from Romanesque churches to Gothic cathedrals?
Two main differences are instead of having round barrel vaults they have ribbed vaults with pointed arches and they have flying buttresses on the outside so the weight of the church is distributed outward and down. (Stained Glass Windows, thinner walls)
What were a few consequences of the Black Plague?
A large number of people to die, almost half of Europe, people gained money due to others dying and inheriting wealth, and people hid in their homes due to a general feeling of distrust.
Were the Crusades truly successful in regaining the Holy Land?
While the First Crusade did succeed in the mission, its success did not last long and subsequent crusades were nowhere near as successful.
What civil conflict broke-out in England following the Hundred Years' War?
Wars of the Roses
What ancient Roman city was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD?
Pompeii
What is the point of Gothic architecture?
The point was to open up the church, letting more natural light in and have it “reach for the heavens” more.
Why didn't the Mongols conquer India?
India's natural borders; the Himalaya Mountains and the Thar Desert
What were some effects of the Crusades?
Early anti-semitism, the breakdown of feudalism, nobles selling their land, freeing their serfs, causing trade to increase and the spread of new goods, as well as better technologies in Europe.
The Wars of Roses resulted in a new royal family in England, led by which monarch?
Henry Tudor (Henry VII)
Who was the South African leader that fought against apartheid and became the country’s first Black president?
Nelson Mandela
For most of the duration of the Great Western Schism, there were two Popes ruling in different cities. What were those two cities?
Rome & Avignon
Why couldn't the Mongols conquer Japan?
Both of the Mongols' invasion fleets were destroyed by a typhoon
What role did the monasteries play in influencing these universities?
Universities were developed under similar conditions and teachings as the monasteries. The monasteries were established by the church to educate a group of individuals ordained or recognized by a religious organization. The universities evolved from monastic and cathedral schools.
What was the main argument started the Hundred Years' War?
Ownership over the Duchy of Gascony; Edward III of England was simultaneously the King of England and Duke of Gascony, which meant he was supposed to obey the King of France
What powerful family ruled Florence during the Renaissance and were patrons of the arts?
The Medici's