Vocabulary
What is the definition of estate?
What is an area of land or property
The Roman Empire experienced decades of invasions by barbarians.
Why did the Roman Empire collapse?
What is a monastery?
What is a place where communities of monks live?
Use the diagram to answer the question. What was the system shown in the diagram based on?
What is loyalty?
How did the three-field rotation benefit medieval society?
It increased food production.
A person living on a feudal estate who was required to work for the lord of the manor.
What is a serf?
The Church was important because it was the only major institution that survived after the fall of Rome.
Why was the Church important after the fall of Rome?
Why did monasteries become centers of learning?
What is monasteries became centers of learning because schools were rare and universities did not exist in Europe at this time?
What responsibilities did the serfs have toward the lord of the manor?
What is the serfs worked in the fields and did other necessary chores for the lord of the manor. They were responsible for providing the lord and the lord’s family with some of the food they grew and raised.
Which group of people was responsible for preserving books?
What is an apprentice?
A system of government in which land is exchanged for loyalty and services.
What is feudalism?
List the things the Roman government had once done that were no longer done after 476 CE
What is building and repairing roads and aqueducts; carrying out laws; paying for big public buildings and ships?
Which event most likely led to the creation of monasteries?
What is the fall of the Roman Empire?
What responsibilities did the lord of the manor have toward the manor’s serfs?
What is the lord of the manor gave the serfs access to the land and provided them with a mill and equipment. In addition, the lord carried out law and order, made important decisions, and protected the serfs from attack.
What was one job of guilds?
What is they made guidelines for their craft.
A social structure marked by the dominance of the father in the family.
What is patriarchy?
Why were skills no longer passed on by artisans, and why did this make life worse for Europeans?
What is without a central government to pay for big projects, artisans no longer used or passed on their skills. The loss of skilled people meant that the standard of living declined because there were fewer high-quality goods available?
What did Charlamagne's new form of script writing encourage?
What is they could be read more easily?
How did feudalism work?
Feudalism was an agreement between kings and lords. A lord would become a king’s vassal. The king would give the lord a large amount of land, called a fief, and they would make certain promises to one another. The vassal would swear to fight loyally for the king, while the king pledged to protect and be loyal to the vassal.
Why were fairs important in the middle ages?
What is they helped revive local economies?
The upper or noble class whose members' status is usually inherited.
What is aristocracy?
The text says that the Roman trade network “began to disappear.” Why would the end of the central government lead to the disappearance of the trade network?
What is trade is carried out by private individuals (merchants), but merchants rely on certain things provided by the government, particularly roads, military protection, good relationships with other peoples, and support for the monetary system?
What is Charlemagne remembered for?
What is Charlemagne is remembered for bringing Europe into a new period of unity and strength. He also focused on education and learning, which helped his people.
How could someone be a vassal and a lord at the same time?
A lord would be one of the king’s vassals. In turn, the lord would divvy up his land among lesser lords. These lesser lords would be the lord’s vassals. In this way, large areas of Europe were governed.
A medieval craftsperson had to start as an apprentice and then become a journeyman before becoming a master. How did this practice help guild members? How did it help people outside the guild, such as merchants and customers?
The different steps in the long training process protected merchants and consumers from receiving shoddy products. Those steps also protected the guild master from competing with others who might sell their products below cost. In theory, the system also ensured that if someone went through the process and was able to complete their masterpiece, that person would be able to work and earn a living.