Early Middle Ages
Which Frankish leader stopped the Muslim advance at the Battle of Tours (732)?
Charles Martel
Which system dealt more with political and social systems? (Feudalism or Manorialism)
Feudalism
Which branch of Christianity was considered the main authority of Medieval Europe?
Roman Catholic
What is considered the Holy Land?
Land that spiritual significance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Jerusalem was the holy city
How did the Crusades impact the Roman Catholic Church?
Increased wealth and power of the Pope
Which Frankish leader was the only one to unite Europe following the fall of Rome?
Charlemagne
What did each field grow in the Three Field System?
Field 1: Wheat or Rye
Field 2: Peas, Lentils, or Beans
Field 3: Unused or fallow
What was Canon Law?
was a system of rules that governed medieval life, including the Church, marriage, and social behavior
What are the causes of the Crusades?
The Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land and access was limited for Europeans.
What did Pope Urban II promise if a Crusader died fighting?
Forgiveness of sins
After Charlemagne's death, what happened to Western Europe?
Fell into many smaller kingdoms
What role did the Lords play in Feudalism?
Landowners; land was given by the king
What language was prominent in Western Europe (Bible was printed in this)
Latin
Which Pope called for the start of the First Crusade?
Pope Urban II
What disease spread due to soldiers returning from the Crusades?
Bubonic Plague
Which groups would often attack smaller and weaker kingdoms for plunder?
Vikings, Muslims, Mygars
What did Serfs receive in return for their labor?
Military Protection
What is a Lay Investure?
When a King appoints someone to a church position
What Christian city was sacked by Crusaders during the 4th Crusade?
Constantinople
How many people died from the Bubonic Plague in Europe?
Roughly 25M
What Empire did Charles Martel found in 737?
Carolingian
What role did Knights play in Feudalism?
Protected people within their territory
What was the Great Schism?
What was the main result of the Crusades?
It led to a desire for new trade routes and wants for increased knowledge.
How did the Plague impact trade?
Decreased it for a time, as people were afraid to spread the disease