Great Geography
What made it difficult to control all of Europe?
Geography
What modern country used to be called “Angle land”?
England
Who were the Crusades meant to “free” the Holy Land from?
Muslims
What does the world “medieval” mean?
“middle”
What does Charlemagne’s name mean?
“Charles the Great”
What religion influenced all of European life?
Catholicism
What protected England from many of the wars in Europe?
English Channel
Why is the Battle of Tours important to Christian history?
Kept Christianity as the religion of Europe
Where was the goal of the First Crusade?
Jerusalem
What is a fief?
Land given to a vassal
Knights were different from other soldiers because they fought on ______
horseback
What were the two reasons peasants took a day off?
Sundays and Catholic holidays
Lack of farmland forced Scandinavians to rely on the ______ for food
ocean
What modern language comes from the Anglo-Saxon nobles?
English
Who called for the first Crusade?
Pope Urban II
What job does a missionary have?
Spreading their religion
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
Limit the king’s power
What is one type of knowledge Europeans gained from Muslims?
Compasses, better ships, more accurate maps
What geographic feature is Europe?
peninsula
Who developed the legal system used in Western countries today?
King Henry II
What was the goal of the peace treaty between Muslim General Saladin and King Richard I?
Christians could visit the holy lands in peace
Most peasants were from what group?
serfs
Emperor Charlemagne wanted his subjects to have what skills?
Reading and writing
What was one thing that made medieval cities unhealthy to live in?
Fires filled the air with ash and smoke
Waste was dumped in streets and sewers were open
Very little concern for cleanliness
What group was the first to reach the Americas from Europe?
Scandinavians (Viking raiding parties)
What was one effect of the Crusades?
Europeans gained new knowledge from Muslims
Wealthy Europeans bought Eastern goods
Weakening of feudalism
Conflict between Christians and Muslims
What was one form of persecution suffered by European Jews after the Crusades?
Forced to convert, tortured, identifying clothing
Books burned, executed, barred from most jobs
What is one of the responsibilities of the nobles in feudalism?
Raise armies, Create laws
Raise taxes, protect from invaders
How did Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV react to being replaced as emperor?
Conquered Rome and named a new Pope
What inventions allowed European farmers to produce more food?
Wheeled plows, horse collars, water mills and windmills, crop rotation