Social System
What is another name for a peasant?
Serf, villein, vassal
What was the most basic castle of medieval times?
Motte and Bailey
What were the Crusade Wars?
Religious wars to recapture the Holy Land.
Which English monarch, known as the Lionheart, played a significant role in the Third Crusade and was admired for his bravery and military leadership?
Richard the Lionheart
Which colour was the rarest during the Middle Ages?
Purple
Who also had the same level of power as the King or Queen?
The Church
What is a palisade?
A fence which surrounds an area
Who were the primary participants in the Crusades?
European Christians, motivated by religious fervor, desire for adventure, and the promise of spiritual rewards.
Which French peasant girl led the French army to victory against the English during the Hundred Years' War and was later burned at the stake for heresy?
Joan of Arc
At what age were most girls married?
12
What was the main economic system of the medieval period?
Feudalism
What do you call the body of water that surrounds a castle which acts as protection?
A moat
Who were the Crusades trying to retrieve the Holy City from?
The Muslims
Who was the Norman Duke who famously invaded England in 1066 who in modern times could be nicknamed 'Billy'
William the Conqueror
What percentage of women died during childbirth in the Middle Ages (under 50 %)?
20%
Who were the three main classes in the feudal system, and what were their roles?
Monarch or king (granted land), nobles or lords (provided protection), peasants or serfs (worked the land)
What was the primary purpose of a castle during the medieval period?
Defense and protection
What was the Holy City that the Crusades wanted to recapture?
Jerusalem
Who was the Pope during the Fourth Crusade, whose actions led to the sacking of Constantinople rather than the intended target of Jerusalem?
Pope Innocent III
What was the name of the punishment device where your head and hands would be locked into a wooden frame?
The stocks
What two obligations did serfs have to their lords in exchange for protection and land?
Working the land, paying taxes, and providing military service when required.
How did the design of a castle change over time to adapt to new military strategies?
By incorporating concentric layouts and improved fortifications.
What year did the First Crusade start?
1096 CE
Who was the King of the Franks who expanded his kingdom significantly, was crowned Emperor of the Romans, and promoted education and culture in medieval Europe?
Charlemagne
What was the name of the mass pandemic that killed 50 million people?
The Black Plague