Fall of Rome & Rise of Feudalism
After the fall of Rome, this system of protection and loyalty developed to bring order to Europe.
What is feudalism?
This was the agreement between a lord and a vassal during the Middle Ages.
What is the exchange of land for loyalty?
This emperor moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium to protect trade and defend the empire.
Who was Constantine?
This holy city is where Muhammad was born and where Muslims face when they pray.
What is Mecca?
These three groups each considered Jerusalem a sacred city because of their holy sites there.
Who are Christians, Muslims, and Jews?
This event caused disorder in Europe, leading people to depend on local lords for safety and stability.
What is the collapse of the Roman Empire?
These four groups made up the main social classes of feudal Europe.
Who were kings, nobles, knights, and peasants?
This emperor rebuilt Constantinople and created a new code of Roman laws.
Who was Justinian I?
This is the name of the tall tower from which Muslims are called to prayer.
What is a minaret?
The main goal of the First Crusade was to capture this holy city for Christianity.
What is Jerusalem?
When Rome fell in 476 C.E., Europe lost this important source of unity and leadership.
What is a strong central government and army?
Under feudalism, knights gained land from kings in return for doing this.
What is protecting the kingdom and providing military service?
This magnificent church, built under Justinian, became one of the most famous structures in the Byzantine Empire.
What is the Hagia Sophia?
Muslims follow these five basic duties as acts of worship and faith.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
These three groups were major outside threats to Europe during the early Middle Ages.
Who were the Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims?
Life became more dangerous after Rome’s fall because these became unsafe for travel and trade.
What are roads?
This Frankish leader united his people under Christianity, strengthening his rule.
Who was Clovis?
Language and power struggles between the pope and patriarch led to this split in Christianity.
What is the Great Schism of 1054?
This sacred book contains the teachings of Muhammad and the word of Allah.
What is the Quran?
The Byzantine Empire grew wealthy because of its location between these two continents.
What are Europe and Asia?
This major change weakened the power of lords by allowing serfs to earn money, buy freedom, and move to towns.
What is the growth of trade and towns?
This major shift at the end of the Middle Ages weakened the power of nobles, increased opportunities for peasants to earn wages, and led to the decline of the manorial system. What was this event?
What is the Black Death (or Bubonic Plague)?
Even after the empire divided, this common element helped the Eastern and Western Romans stay culturally linked.
What is their shared language and Roman heritage?
Because of its location connecting three continents, the Islamic world influenced distant regions through this powerful network of exchange involving goods, ideas, and technologies.
What is the Silk Road
Although the Crusades failed to keep Jerusalem, they had this long-term positive effect on Europe’s economy.
What is the increase in trade between Europe and the Middle East?