Dates
When was the First Crusade
1095-1099
Who were the pirate-y invaders?
Muslims
What crusade was the only one to succeed?
When was the Abbey of Cluny established?
910
What is the staple food in a peasant's diet?
When was the Abbey of Cluny established?
910
What was the Danelaw?
Law between Alfred the Great and the Danes that divided England between the English and Danes
What event spurred on the third crusade, and when was that event?
Fall of Jerusalem; 1187
What were the three issues that the early Medieval church faced?
Simony; clerical marriage; increasing secularization
What are the two components of feudalism?
Vassalage and benefice
When were the Knights of the Temple founded?
1129
What were the intended targets of each of the Viking groups?
Danes - West to England; Norwegians - North and west to Scotland, Ireland, Iceland, and Greenland; Swedes - East and south to Russia and then Constantinople
What are three goals of the Crusades?
Win heaven; Defeat the Muslims around Constantinople; Save the Byzantine Empire; Reconquer the Holy Land; Reunite the East and West
Explain how indulgences, relics, pilgrimages, and purgatory are all related
Go on a pilgrimage to see a relic and you can buy indulgences to have less time in purgatory
Why did Parlament develop in England?
Because the king wanted needed barons support to raise taxes
When was Investiture Controversy?
1075-1122
What were the three main goals of a Viking, and which is the most important?
Wealth, Land, Fame (most important)
Why were the Templars dissolved?
Explain the Investiture controversy
Gregory VII threatens Henry IV with excommunication; Henry deposes Gregory; Gregory does excommunicate and dissolve allegiances; Henry begs for forgiveness; Gregory gives it; Henry goes back to old ways; Greg excommunicates again; Henry takes an army to Rome; Greg flees and dies in exile
What is the order of the cosmos, according to medieval man?
Earth, moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, fixed stars, Prima Mobile
When was the Great Heathen Army?
865-878
How did the invasions lead to feudalism?
Look to local lords for protection rather than kings
What are three effects of the Crusades?
East and West schism was solidified; lasting animosity between Muslims and Christians; heightened prestige of the pope; use of religion as a motive to wage war; encourage use of indulgences; destroy Muslim domination of the Mediterranean; Foundation of the Spanish character via the Reconquista
Describe the differences between Romanesque and Gothic architecture and explain how they reflect the attitudes of their ages
squat vs airy - fortress and defensive and dark vs light, grand, rich
How did the Capetians rise to power?
Philip II defeats King John and gains English possessions in France