Kings & Leaders
Who held the highest position in medieval feudal society?
Kings
What was the name for a visit or journey to a holy site?
A pilgrimmage
What was the dominant religion in medieval Europe?
Christianity
What disease devastated Europe's population in the 14th century?
The Black Death
What was the primary economic activity in medieval Europe?
Agriculture
On Christmas Day in 800, who was crowned by the pope as Roman Emperor after ruling much of Western Europe?
Charlemagne
What were religiously motivated military campaigns launched from Europe to reclaim or defend holy sites?
The Crusades
What was the primary language of the Catholic Church during medieval times?
Latin
Which two major events decreased the population and helped weaken feudalism by increasing the value of labor?
The Crusades and the Black Death
Which group made up the majority of the population in medieval Europe?
Peasants
Which ruler of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 after angering nobles with high taxes and unjust punishment?
King John
What was the century-long battle between France and England called?
The Hundred Years' War
What role did the Catholic Church play in medieval society?
Both political and religious
Describe how the Black Death changed the relationship between peasants/serfs and lords.
Labor shortages gave peasants more bargaining power.
What was the name for the fortified homes of nobles in medieval Europe?
Castle
Who led the Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066?
William the Conqueror
Name a major 11th-century battle that resulted in Norman control of England.
The Battle of Hastings (1066)
What system of education was practiced in medieval monasteries and later in schools tied to the Church?
Scholasticism
What event preceded the Black Death but also created havoc by unusually harsh winters and rainy summers?
The Great Famine in northern Europe (1315-1322).
What was the name for the area of land controlled by a lord?
Manor
Which medieval figure was burned at the stake by the English after being accused of heresy, later becoming a national symbol of France?
Joan of Arc
What do we call the English Civil War that followed the Hundred Years' War?
The War of the Roses
Who was responsible for copying and preserving ancient texts during the Middle Ages?
Monks
How did population loss from the Black Death contribute to the end of the Middle Ages?
Economic and social shifts accelerated decline of feudal structures and helped pave the way for Renaissance changes.
What was the center of higher learning in medieval towns that grew out of church schools?
Universities