Medieval to Exploration
what was the reaction of Catholic Church to fight against Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent
Tell me about the Diet of Worms and who called it
Emperor Charles V - to decide about M. Luther...M L sparked Protestant Ref and showed western world wanted alts to Cath church
What did M. Luther write and what was it about
95 Theses - sparks Protestant Reformation, abuses of Cath. power (Gutenberg printing press)
Bourgeoisie had 3 social classes (Middle Ages to French revolution)
aristocracy, clergy, or commoners
Hands off approach from government and led to increase of hatred for aristocracy and clergy
Laissez-Faire
Slavery, genocide, disease
The Edict of Nantes said who should have the same rights as Catholics
Protestants > growth of secularism, an example of religious disunity under absolutist monarchy
30 years war ended - name and what 2 things did it lead it?
Peace of Westphalia, accepts protest. reform. and led to growth of nationalism and impending WW1
How did commoners rise to bourgeoisie and what was this the main intisgator of
rose as merchants in business vs. hard labor; instigator of French Revolution
True or False: Napoleon enforced a code on citizens that did allow for class based privileges
False - did NOT
Tell me about the Columbian Exchange
Smallpox, spread of European goods/culture, slave trade started after trade routes, C. Columbus
What is the social order during the turmoil of middle ages and why did it decline
Why did the Spanish Inquistion start?
by spanish monarchy To take control away from the papacy > enforcement of religious and political authority
Who applied the events to show that the Bourgeois revolutions led to capitalism?
Marx
Otto von Bismark practices this and it does or does not prevent uprisings
RealPolitik - practical, leverage Prussia, Bismark adopted socialist policies to prevent uprisings
What directly led to the 30 years war?
Defenestration of Prague
What were some results of Little Ice Age?
crops died, lack of food, shifting ice patterns, less children, less nutrition, bread riot, isolation
How is absolutism characterized by?
Monarch atop govt w/ unrestricted authority over state/people
Deism - Rousseu and Monesquieu
30,000 executed led by Robespierre using what - and why
Reign of Terror - guillotine - bc of equality btn sans-culottes and commoners
What was the name of the King of Bohemia and what did he do?
Ferdinand of Syria, took away protestant rights
Dominant economic theory in 16th-18th c. and how do you define it?
Mercantalism - exports should be greater than imports, profits, predecessor to capitalism
Offset by power of clergy, aristocracy and middle class / torn down by revolutionaries fighting for democracy
Machines producing goods = ________ and then sparking class warfare bc _________took on industrial system
industrialization and socialism
Social Darwinism meant....and what bad things took hold throughout Europe
Survival of fittest - fascism, eugenics, and imperialist racism