Beginning of the Feudal System
Who sought protection due to outside invasions?
Peasants and/or serfs
What is the term that refers to the land given to a vassal by his lord in exchange for loyalty and military service?
Fief
What was one of the primary functions of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
To provide leadership and stability.
What group was responsible for the attacks that led the Byzantine Empire to request military assistance from Christian Europe?
The Seljuk Turks
What are 2 symptoms of The Black Death?
Headache
Fever
Buboes
Vomiting
Who ignored responsibilities passing on governmental duties to Lords?
King(s)
What role did knights primarily serve in the feudal system of Medieval Europe?
They acted as mounted warriors for their lords in exchange for land.
What did the peasants have to do for free for the Church?
Work the land
Why did the Crusades begin?
To regain the Holy Land from Muslim control
What was 1 treatment used to cure the Black Death?
Leeches
Bloodletting
Herbs and Flowers
Balancing body humors
Trepanning
What two challenges did people face after the collapse of the Roman Empire?
They had to work very hard just to survive and feed their families, and protection was a constant concern, with invasion easily possible.
What was the primary purpose of the feudal contract in Medieval Europe?
To outline the responsibilities and obligations between lords and vassals
What governance system developed in Europe as a result of weakened central governments?
Feudalism
What was the outcome of the Crusaders' siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade in 1099?
The Crusaders captured Jerusalem.
How did The Black Death arrive in Europe.
By ships
What social classes existed within the feudal system?
Monarch (King), lords, Vassals, knights, peasants and serfs.
What were the primary economic activities of peasants in the feudal system during the Middle Ages?
Farming the land, tending livestock, and fulfilling obligations to their lords
What were the primary factors that led to political fragmentation in Europe during the Early Middle Ages?
The rise of the Roman Catholic Church and the establishment of feudalism.
What was a common belief among participants in the Crusades regarding sin?
Crusading would absolve participants' sins.
What animal carried The Black Death?
Rats
How did monarchs justify and maintain their power?
They believed in the divine right of kings, meaning that God gave them the right to rule the people.
What was one significant outcome of Charlemagne's collaboration with the Catholic Church during his reign?
It enhanced Charlemagne's legitimacy as emperor and expanded the Church's authority.
What was the primary authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
Leader of the Church with authority over secular rulers
What was one significant long-term effect of the Crusades on European intellectual life?
The decline of feudalism in Europe
How did humans become infected by The Black Death?
Rats would infect fleas, and fleas would infect humans by biting them.