ABX MOA
This ABX category enters bacteria via porins and interferes with bacterial DNA ligation by binding to enzymes that attempt to help with reducing torsional stress during DNA replication
Fluoroquinolones
What antibiotic can cause a rash to form when given to a child with mono?
Amoxicillin or Ampicillin!!
also by proxy; Unasyn or Augmentin
What's the therapeutic acronym used to describe the treatment of HIV?
HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (options below)
Azithromycin
- Doxy if smoker; Bactrim if ABX in the previous 3 mos
NEW first line tx for LATENT tuberculosis for 4 mos?
Rifampin
Trimethoprim (part of Bactrim) inhibits the synthesis of what to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis?
Folic Acid
Gentamycin when given too quickly can cause what to occur is certain autoimmune patient populations?
Neuromuscular blockage
reversal via: Calcium Gluconate
DOC for RSV, Lassa fever, or HBV?
Ribavirin
BBW? -----> hemolytic anemia
Patient's blood culture for endocarditis comes back Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.
What are your first line options?
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
What can you give to prevent peripheral neuropathy from Isoniazid?
B6 - Pyridoxine Daily
What is the other mechanism of action of vancomycin other than cell wall synthesis inhibition?
RNA synthesis inhibition
Linezolid when taken with SSRIs, MAOIs, or high tyramine foods can lead to what crisis?
HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
What antiviral is used to treat Chronic Hep B infection?
Lamivudine ("nuke")
can also be used to treat HIV
Epiglottitis TX?
IV Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
What anti-malarial can treat all plasmodium species and is used in chloroquine resistant areas?
EXTRA POINT - what physiologic abnormalities can commonly occur?
HINT: safe in pregnancy
Mefloquine
Cardiac Conduction abnormalities
Aminoglycoside's (amikacin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and tobramycin, etc) uptake into cells are dependent upon what?
oxygen!!! can only affect aerobic infections
Aplastic anemia can be caused by what antibiotic?
Chloramphenicol
What enzyme do antivirals like Oseltamivir (tamiflu) and Zanamivir inhibit?
What are the effects of the inhibition of this enzyme?
Neuraminidase Inhibitors: prevent the release of virions and their spread from cell to cell
Name of the drugs used to treat congenital toxoplasmosis. Triple Drug Therapy
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
+ Leucovorin: prevents folic acid deficiency due to the MOA of the above drugs
Wide spectrum anti-helminth?
Albendazole
What antibiotic is used as the prophylaxis of PCP and Toxoplasmosis in HIV patients with CD4 levels <200 and <100 respectively
BACTRIM!
A patient is placed on an antibiotic; he decides to start drinking alcohol and experiencing flushing, nausea, vomiting
Hint: a common ADR is "metalic taste"
Flagyl; Metronidazole
What is the hallmark sign of "NRTIs" Nucleoside Reverse Transcription Inhibitors "nukes"; toxicity?
Mitochondrial toxicity
- manifests as peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, or hepatic steatosis
Acute Endocarditis (Native Valvular Endocarditis) two drug therapy?
Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin
(+/- gentamycin)
What is the MOA of "Azoles" antifungals (examples: ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole)
Which one is used in the PPX of fungal infections in bone marrow suppressed patients?
inhibits a cytochrome P450; prevents the synthesis of ergosterol
Increased membrane permeability resulting in inhibition of fungal cell growth
Posaconazole