fluids
This type of IV fluid causes no major net movement of water into or out of cells and includes 0.9% NS.
What is an isotonic solution?
The normal sodium range you need to memorize for the exam.
What is 135–145 mEq/L?
This medication ends in “-lol” and can lower heart rate, making bradycardia an important concern.
What is a beta blocker such as metoprolol?
The blood glucose level below which your professor wants you to recognize hypoglycemia.
What is less than 70 mg/dL?
This insulin is rapid-acting and includes lispro/Humalog.
What is rapid-acting insulin?
This is the term for giving a large volume of IV fluid rapidly, and the fluids used for the bolus in your class are 0.9% NS or LR.
What is an IV fluid bolus?
The normal potassium range you need to memorize.
What is 3.5–5 mEq/L?
This ACE inhibitor is associated with dry cough, hyperkalemia, kidney concerns, and angioedema.
What is lisinopril?
This is the diagnostic A1C value you need to know.
What is 6.5% or greater?
This insulin is short-acting and is the one associated with IV insulin drips in DKA.
What is regular insulin?
This type of fluid moves water into cells, causing them to swell.
What is a hypotonic solution?
A sodium level below 135 can cause water to move into cells, creating this cellular effect.
What is cellular swelling?
This medication is potassium-sparing and therefore raises concern for hyperkalemia.
What is spironolactone?
These three “P” words are classic manifestations associated with diabetes.
What are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia?
This intermediate-acting insulin has a peak of 4–12 hours.
What is NPH?
This type of fluid moves water out of cells, causing them to shrink.
What is a hypertonic solution?
A potassium level above 5 can cause these characteristic ECG changes.
What are peaked T waves?
This medication can cause peripheral edema and is a calcium-channel blocker.
What is verapamil?
This is the immediate treatment for an awake patient with hypoglycemia who can safely swallow.
What is 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate followed by a glucose recheck in 15 minutes?
This long-acting insulin has no pronounced peak and lasts 24+ hours.
What is glargine/Lantus?
A patient has edema and ascites but a low BP because low albumin has allowed fluid to leave the vascular space. This phenomenon is called this.
What is third spacing?
This medication can cause potassium to drop, while this medication can cause potassium to rise.
What are furosemide and spironolactone?
This medication can cause hypokalemia and dehydration, while rapid IV administration can cause hearing-related toxicity.
What is furosemide?
This medication used for Type 2 diabetes is associated with kidney concerns and contrast-dye precautions.
What is metformin?
This part of an insulin's action profile represents the time when it is most abundant/active and when hypoglycemia risk is greatest.
What is the peak?