Week 1
Manifestations of fluid volume deficit (give at least 3)
Tachycardia, dry oral mucus membranes, hypotension, thirst, reduced skin turgor, flattened neck veins, reduced urinary output, muscle cramps, lightheadedness, orthostatic hypotension, and hypovolemic shock
Manifestations of fluid volume excess (give at least 3)
Edema and/or hypervolemia; hypertension (HTN), pulmonary congestion, edema of extremities, pitting edema, dyspnea, crackles upon auscultation, possible ascites, and weight gain; pulmonary edema
Normal Values: pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO₂ 35-45 HCO3 22-26
Interpret:
pH 7.5 PaCO₂ 30 HCO3 23
Respiratory alkalosis
Preparing a client for surgery (name at least 3 interventions)
Health history; allergies; head-to-toe; baseline vital signs, height, weight; skin preparation as needed; NPO; medication administration; remove items prior to surgery (jewelry, dentures, make-up, nail polish, glasses/contacts, hearing aids, artificial limbs); psychological support
Manifestations of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
More rapid progression; sudden blurred vision or blind spots in center of visual field
Expected range of serum sodium
136 - 145 mEq/L
Expected range of serum potassium
3.5 to 5 mEq/L
Normal Values: pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO₂ 35-45 HCO3 22-26
Interpret: pH 7.29 PaCO₂ 38 HCO3 19
Metabolic acidosis
Postoperative education reinforcement (name at least 2)
Reinforces preoperative education; discharge instructions; maintaining adequate nutritional intake; Medications; lifestyle modifications; wound care and dressing changes; follow-up care
Manifestation of cataracts
Hazy vision
Expected ranges of serum magnesium
1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L
Expected range of serum calcium
9 to 10.5 mg/dL
Normal Values: pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO₂ 35-45 HCO3 22-26
Interpret: pH 7.25 PaCO₂ 50 HCO3 24
Respiratory acidosis
Measures to prevent surgical infection (name at least 1)
•Antibiotics (1 hour before incision, stopped in 24 hours) and surgical site prep (remove hair with clippers, remove dirt and bacteria - antiseptic agent)
Glaucoma - role of the LPN (name at least 2)
IOP monitoring (expected 11-21 mm Hg); safety measures; education reinforcement (Progression of glaucoma[peripheral vision loss]; medications; lifestyle modifications [control of HTN, balanced diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking]; eye drop administration; safety measures)
Name the electrolyte imbalance:
May be asymptomatic if chronic. May present with lethargy and confusion. If below 115 mEq/L, there may be seizures, hyperactive reflexes, coma, and/or death.
hyponatremia
Name the electrolyte imbalance:
Role of the LPN - Maintain continuous cardiac monitoring; Limit dietary intake of potassium; avoid salt substitutes; monitor intake and output; reinforce education
Hyperkalemia
Risk factors of metabolic alkalosis (name at least 2)
Loss of gastric hydrogen ions (e.g., vomiting, gastric suction); excessive bicarbonate intake; diuretics; hyperaldosteronism; common diagnosis in hospitalized clients
A genetic condition that can become life-threatening when certain anesthesia medications are used.
The patient should be asked about a personal or family history of anesthesia complications before surgery.
Early signs include fast heartbeat, rapid breathing, muscle stiffness, and chemical imbalances in the body.
Malignant hyperthermia
Manifestations of retinal detachment (name at least 2)
Possible asymptomatic
Manifestations: Blurred or distorted vision, flashes of light (photopsia), floaters
Name the electrolyte imbalance:
Role of the LPN - Reinforce education on dietary and supplemental intake and signs of toxicity; Monitor for toxicity during supplementation; IV magnesium sulfate is the treatment of choice for clients with symptoms; monitor urine output; cautious replacement with renal dysfunction
Hypomagnesemia
Name the electrolyte imbalance:
Manifestations - Weakness, fatigue, tetany, seizures, psychiatric manifestations, paresthesia, positive Trousseau’s sign, QT prolongation, and positive Chvostek’s sign
Hypocalemia
Name what this is:
Surgeons' responsibility to obtain consent; nurse verifies and witnesses consent
Informed consent
Which complications should the nurse monitor for in a client who has received an organ transplant (name at least 2)
Organ rejection; hemorrhage; blood clots; infection/sepsis
Risk factors for hearing loss (name at least 3)
Age-related changes; genetic predisposition; prolonged exposure to loud noise; adverse reaction to ototoxic medications (e.g., cisplatin, furosemide); smoking; obesity; HTN; hypercholesterolemia; arthritis