Osmolarity
What is osmolarity?
the # of milliosmole in a liter of solution
Normal Potassium Level
3.5-5.0
Normal Lab value for Calcium?
9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Normal lab values for Magnesium
1.8-2.6 mEq
Excites the tissues, helps maintain blood pressure. Helps nerves function and muscles contract. Regulates fluid balance.
Normal Range for osmolarity
270-300
What can high potassium lead to? What are the signs?
Hyperkalemia, Dehydration, kidney disease
Signs: Low heart rate, Hypoactive bowel signs
What can high Calcium lead to? What are the signs?
Hypercalcemia, Hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Signs: increased thirst, urination, belly pain, confusion, fatigue
What can lead to high levels of magnesium? What are the signs?
Hypermagnesium, metabolic acidosis, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency
Signs: muscle weakness, fatigue, vomiting, trouble breathing
What is the function of Phosphorus?
Assist in cell growth, activate vitamins and enzymes
What is happening with hypertonic osmolarity?
Water is being pulled from isomatic fluid space into the hyperosmotic fluid space
Just remember water is being pulled out
What can low potassium lead to? What are the signs?
Hypokalemia, fluid overload
Signs: shallow respirations, thready pulse, decreased excitability
What can Low calcium lead to? What are the signs?
Hypocalcemia, Vitamin D deficiency, Hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism
Signs: Muscle spasm, cramps, Skin becomes dry and itchy, osteoporosis
What can lead to low levels of magnesium lead to? What are the signs?
hypomagnesium, alcoholism, malnutrition
Signs: Fatigue, muscle spasms or cramps, Arrhythmia, Dizziness, Vomiting
What is the function of sodium?
Vital for muscle contractions, nerve and pulse transmission, cardiac contractions, determines weather water is going to be retained, excreted or moved from one fluid space to another
*Where sodium goes, water follows
What is happening with hypotonic osmolarity?
Water being pulled from hypo-osmotic fluid space into isomotic fluid spaces
Remember water being pulled in
Foods that are high in Potassium?
Meats, Fish, most fruits and veggies
Foods that are high in calcium?
Dairy products, canned salmon, leafy greens, beans
What foods are high in Magnesium?
Pumpkin seeds, almonds, cashews, peanuts
What is the function of magnesium?
Important for skeletal muscle contraction, Carbohydrate metabolism, helps activates vitamins, blood coagulation, cell growth
1 liter of water is equal to how many pounds / KG
2.2 pounds or 1 Kg
Foods that are low in Potassium
Bread, grains, eggs
Foods that are low in calcium?
Wheat bran, blackberries
What foods are low in magnesium?
What is the function of Chloride
Signs it may be low and why
Helps keep fluid inside and outside of the cell, fluid balance and blood volume
Signs: Heart failure, diabetic ketoacidosis
From: prolonged vomiting, or suctioning