CAD
What does CAD stand for?
coronary artery disease
What is PVD also known as?
Arteriosclerosis
What are the nursing interventions for anemia?
Frequent rest Periods, educate client on iron rich foods, assess for signs of infection, assess skin for bruising or bleeding and monitor vital signs
What are the goal for T1 DM?
Management of hyperglycemia to prevent other disease processes from occurring.
What is type two diabetes?
A genetically predispositioned condition consisting of excessive glucose production by the liver, impaired insulin, secretion, and the peripheral insulin resistance, primarily occurring in liver, adipose, and muscle tissue.
What are the risk factors?
Overweight, physical inactivity, unhealthy, eating, smoking, family history.
What are the nursing interventions?
Have patient elevate legs, when resting, wear compression stockings, monitor for redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and DVT
What are the clinical manifestations of anemia?
Dyspnea, fatigue, increased, cardiac workload, tachycardia, dizziness, bruising, pale skin, pika (ice, dirt, clay cravings)
What are the signs and symptoms of T1DM?
Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, unintended weight loss due to hyperglycemia, irritability, fatigue, weakness, blurred vision
What are the risk factors?
Family history, obesity, origin, age, hypertension, HDL less than 35, history of gestational, diabetes, delivery of large babies
What are the Clinical manifestations?
Shortness of breath, diaphoresis, complaints of chest pain, sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and palpitations.
What are the nursing goals?
Adequate tissue perfusion, pain relief, increased exercise tolerance, intact healthy skin on extremities, knowledge of disease, and treatment plan.
What are the potential complications of anemia?
Hypoxia, restless leg syndrome, heart failure, syncope
What are the types of insulin and how long does each one last?
Short acting regular insulin that takes effect and wears off more quickly than long acting insulin.
Rapid acting insulin works over a narrow more predictable range of time.
Intermediate acting NPH insulin that contains added substances known as buffers that make them work over along time and that they may make them look cloudy.
long Acting insulin that has no peak and last for up to 24 hours
What are the diagnostic test?
Hemoglobin A1c higher than 6.5
Symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma, glucose concentration >200
Fasting plasma glucose >126mg/dL
Two hour plasma glucose >200mg/dL during oral glucose tolerance test
Each must be confirmed on subsequent day with a different test
What are the complications?
Heart failure, heart attack, arrhythmia, sudden death.
what is the teaching for PVD?
As certain that the patient keeps their legs elevated on a regular basis, avoids wearing clothing that is excessively tight, avoid keeping their legs crossed
What are the diagnostic labs for anemia?
HCT, HGB, MCV, serum ferritin, serum iron, peripheral smear.
What are the injection procedures for client teaching?
Absorption of insulin is more consistent when insulin is always injected in the same anatomical site absorption is fastest in the abdomen, followed by the arms, thighs and buttocks
What are the oral medication agents?
Biguanides- Metformin
Sulfonylureas- glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide, gliclazide
what is CAD usually caused by?
Atherosclerosis
What are the diagnostic procedures?
Doppler ultrasound with duplex imaging.
D-Dimer, Angiography, Magnetic Renaissance angiography, Ankle brachial indexWhat is the patient education for anemia?
Don’t take iron supplements on empty stomach, stool will turn dark, take supplements with vitamin C to aid in absorption, do not take iron with antacids.
What is the sick day rule?
Keep taking your insulin and adjust your dose if you need to. Test glucose more often than normal drink lots of water or sugar-free drinks to avoid dehydration. Check for ketones you can get strips from your Care team to test your urine. Try to eat if you cannot eat drink sugary or milky drinks try ice cream or suck on sweets. Contact your Care team if you are not sure what to do.
What is peripheral neuropathy and what are the symptoms?
Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet.Incurable, but there are treatments available that can help.
Symptoms include nerve, pain, pins, and needles, weakness or numbness