Basic Meiosis Terms
This term refers to the process by which a single cell divides to form four genetically unique daughter cells.
Meiosis
This is the phase of meiosis where chromosomes (DNA) duplicate (make more) and form sister chromatids.
Interphase (S phase)
The process in which chromosomes exchange segments during meiosis increases genetic variation.
Crossing over
If an organism's diploid number is 48, what is its haploid number?
24
This is the type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis
The name for the two divisions that occur during meiosis.
meiosis I and meiosis II
In this phase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate.
anaphase I
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein (trait).
The overall stage name during meiosis where the cell's chromosomes reduce from diploid to haploid.
Meiosis II
Which cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic (body) cells
The type of cells produced by meiosis.
gametes (sperm and egg cells)
This phase marks the end of meiosis I, where two daughter cells form their nuclei and do not split yet.
telophase I
Matching chromosomes are called ________________ _________________.
Homologous chromosomes
Sister chromatids are held together by this structure.
Centromere
The stage following meiosis (and mitosis) is where the division of the cytoplasm occurs.
Cytokinesis
The term for the number of chromosomes in a gamete, which is half of the original cell.
haploid number
In meiosis II, this phase is where sister chromatids are separated.
Anaphase II
The result of the random fusion of gametes from two parents will result in what advantage?
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23 chromosomes
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, while mitosis results in this type of cell.
Diploid cell
The process by which chromosomes fail to separate during the process of meiosis.
Nondisjunction
During this phase of meiosis, sister chromatids align at the center of the cell for the second time.
Metaphase II
State one advantage asexual reproduction has as well as one disadvantage it has compared to sexual reproduction.
Asexual repro. only needs one parent when sexual repro. needs two parents.
Asexual offspring are all identical and can be impacted by the environment the same. While sexual offspring have diversity to cause different outcomes from the environment.
What would happen if nondisjunction occurred during meiosis? How might it affect and organism?
Nondisjunction results in haploid cells having to many chromosomes. This could lead to a genetic disorder in the organism.
This phase occurs only in meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.
Prophase I