Vocab A
type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only 1 round of DNA replication (RESULTS IN HAPLOID CELLS)
meiosis
What is a gamete?
Eggs (female) and sperm (male)
The division of the genetic material in the nucleus
Mitosis
A diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal 2, specifically on chromosome number 21. Also, what does this cause?
Trisomy 21. Down syndrome
Where are chromosomes located?
In the cells nucleus
The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization
Zygote
Where are replicated chromosomes connected?
Centromeres
Long specific molecules of DNA
Chromosomes
The genetic material of an organism or virus ( the DNA of an organism)
Genome
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis 1, or meiosis 2
cytokinesis
Animal cells produce what when constriction of actin filaments occurs? (think of telophase/cytokinesis)
Cleavage furrow
a molecule with a carboxyl and amino group. (the monomers of polypeptide chains)
Amino Acid
a discreet unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA IN SOME VIRUSES)
Genes
4 factors contributing to genetic variation? (Meiosis)
TRIPLE POINT!
1) Independent assortment of chromosomes
2) crossing over of non-sister chromatids during meiosis I in prophase I
3) random fertilization
4) mutations
the number of chromosomes occurring in the nucleus of a cell is the
ploidy
contributing to the formation of the mitotic spindles that will pull sister chromatids toward the center poles.
microtubules
All body cells except for the reproductive cells
Somatic cells
A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptide folded and coiled into a specific three dimensional structure
proteins
What are the bases found in DNA
ATCG
a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
Kinetochores
Assembled microtubules and proteins that is involved in moving chromosomes during cell division
Mitotic spindle
a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape ( smallest number is the largest chromosome in physical size)
Karyotype
____a_______ _____b____are 2 physically different chromosomes that have the same genes but are NOT genetically identical. THe two genetically identical copies that are physically attached to each other at the centromere and comprise a single duplicated chromosome, are called ____C____ ______D_____
A: Homologous
B: chromosomes
C: sister
D: chromatids
Mitosis occurs in both ___a____ and ___b___ cells, while Meiosis occurs only in ___c___
A: diploid
B: haploid cells
C: Diploid