CELL CYCLE
MITOSIS
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
MEIOSIS
100
What are the stages of the cell cycle in order? (Mitosis)
G1 --> S --> G2 --> Prophase --> Prometa --> Meta --> Ana --> Telo --> Cytokinesis
100
This type of reproduction results in offspring that are genetic clones of the parent
asexual reproduction
100
During prophase, homologous chromosomes contain 2 ________ _________
sister chromatids
100
An organism has a diploid number of chromosomes of 2n = 24. How many chromosomes will be found in their gametes?
12
2n = 24/2 = 12
100
Bivalents consist of ___________
Tetrads consist of ____________
Bivalents - 2 homologous chromosomes
Tetrads - 4 chromatids
200
What checkpoint of the cell cycle will arrest if microtubules do not attach to kinetochores?
M - checkpoint
200
During this stage of mitosis, sister chromatids separate becoming chromosomes
anaphase
200
True or False: Mitosis increases genetic variation in offspring.
False - produces clones of parent
200
This type of reproduction involves fusion of gametes
sexual reproduction
200
The diploid number of chromosomes in a dog is 2n = 78. How many chromosomes are present in the cell during the G2 phase, after Meiosis, and after ferilization
G2 - 78
Meiosis - 39
Fertilization - 78
300
Looking at a cell grow plate you notice that the cells are no longer dividing. These cells are anchored to the cell plate. What may be inhibiting their division?
- density dependence - there is not more room to divide
- there are no growth factors present to initiate cell division
300
Mitosis is used for a variety of different purposes. List one way the human body uses mitosis.
- repair and reproduction of body cells
- cell regeneration
- growth
300
Somatic cells contain 2 sets of chromosomes meaning they are ___________
Gametes are __________
- diploid
- haploid
300
Humans have a diploid number (2n) of 46. Predict what would be the consequence if meiosis did NOT occur during gametogenesis (production of gametes)
- the number of chromosomes in cells would double each generation
300
How does crossing over increase genetic variation in a species?
- swaps pieces of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
- produces offspring that are genetically different from parents and siblings
400
Looking at a cell under a microscope you notice: it proceeds through the cell cycle rapidly, has uncontrollable growth, and is producing its own growth factors. What type of cell is this?
cancer cell
400
After mitosis, you notice this type of cell is sending vesicles full of cell wall material to the center of the cell. These vesicles are helping to form a cell plate. What type of cell is this?
Plant cell
400
A researcher examining a root tip observes a plant cell with condensed sister chromatids, kinetochores with attached microtubules, and individual chromosomes aligned at the metaphase (equatorial) plate of the cell. What will occur next in the cell?
- anaphase will occur
- microtubules shorten pulling sister chromatids to poles
400
The picture above best represents what?
Independent assortment - Metaphase 1
400
Which phases of Meiosis is most like Mitosis
Meiosis 2
500
What does the cell check for during the G1 checkpoint? G2?
- G1 checkpoint checks for mutations in DNA, presence of growth factors/nutrients, if the cell is large enough
- G2 checkpoints checks for complete and accurate DNA replication
500
Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for asexual reproduction.
answers may vary
500
Researchers studying cell cycle regulation in budding yeast have observed that a mutation in the CDC15 gene causes cell cycle arrest in telophase when the yeast cells are incubated at an elevated temperature. Which phase of the cell cycle will NOT occur?
Cytokinesis
500
A drug is administered that prevents synapsis in meiotic cells, predict what the consequence will be?
- crossing over will not occur
- tetrads/bivalent will not form
- only 2 gametes will be produced instead of 4
500
The events listed below take place during Meiosis
1. synapsis occurs
2. crossing over is complete
3. homologous condense
4. separation of homologous chromosomes
3 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3