Mutations
Subtypes
Staging
Random
100
Most common mutation associated with melanoma?
BRAF V600E
100
What is the most common subtype of melanoma?
Superficial spreading
100
Stage 0 melanoma is in situ
What defines Stage 1A (T1a) melanoma?
<0.8 mm thick, no ulceration
200
Which mutations in melanoma are associated with chronic sun-damaged skin sites? (3)
NRAS, C-KIT, CCND1/CDK4
200
Why do nodular melanomas tend to present at a more advanced stage?
They lack a horizontal growth phase
200
What defines Stage 1B (T1b) melanoma?
<0.8 mm thick with ulceration OR 0.8 to 1.0 mm thick ± ulceration
Management: discuss and consider SLNbx + wide excision
200
Germline loss of function mutations in BAP-1 (BRCA associated protein 1) lead to an increased risk of what malignancies?
cutaneous melanoma
uveal melanoma
malignant congenital blue nevus
epitheloid spitzoid nevi (benign)
+ internal malignanices
300
Is the BRAF mutation associated with chronic sun damage or not?
associated with non-chronic sun damaged
think BRAF = Brief
300
What is the most common presenting site of mucosal melanoma?
hard palate
300
What are the classification requirements for T2-T4 melanoma?
T2: thickness 1.0 to 2.0 mm
T3: thickness 2.0 to 4.0 mm
T4: > 4.0 mm
for all a or b is designated by ulceration
400
What types of melanoma and nevi are associated with GNAQ/GNA11 mutations? (4)
uveal melanoma
blue nevi
nevus of ota
malignant blue nevus
400
What molecular marker does spitzoid melanoma exhibit?
homozygous loss of 9p21 detected by FISH - leads to poor outcome
400
Describe nodal staging in melanoma
N0 = 0 nodes
N1 = 1 node or 0 nodes but with intransit or satellite metastases
N2 = 2 to 3 nodes
N3 = 4+ nodes
400
What tumor suppressors does CDKN2A gene encode?
p14 and p16
500
What inherited mutation is associated with genetic risk factor for melanoma?
Inherited CDKN2A mutations
500
Mutation associated with uveal melanoma and malignant blue nevus?
GNAQ/GNA11 mutations