Membrane transport/osmosis

Membrane Proteins

100

Difference between integral and peripheral proteins

Integral proteins go all the way through the membrane, peripheral proteins are anchored to the surface of the membrane

200

What regions of integral proteins are hydrophilic, and what regions are hydrophobic? What causes the different regions of proteins to have different properties?

The portion interacting with the fatty acid tails is hydrophobic, and the portion interacting with the phosphate group and outside of the membrane is hydrophilic. The different amino acids in the polypeptide chain cause these different properties.

300

Name a few functions of membrane proteins

Transport, enzymatic activity, communication, cell-to-cell recognition, intercellular joining, and attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

400

What proteins have carbohydrate chains attached and play a role in cell recognition?

Glycoproteins

500

What type of protein binds signaling molecules like hormones and triggers a cellular response

Receptor proteins

Types of transport

100

This type of transport allows for small, nonpolar molecules to travel directly through the cell membrane with the concentration gradient without the use of a protein

Simple diffusion

200

This type of transport allows molecules that can't get through the membrane on their own to pass through the membrane with their concentration gradient. 

Facilitated Diffusion

300

This type of transport requires ATP and moves molecules against their concentration gradient. 

Active Transport

400

Bulk transport of molecules in/out of the cell using vesicles (two answers)

Endocytosis and Exocytosis  

500

1.)What is 'cell drinking'

2.)What is 'cell eating'

1.) Pinocytosis

2.) Phagocytosis  

What molecules can move through the membrane?

100

CO2

yes

200

O2

yes

300

Glucose

no

400

Water

yes BUT very slowly, so mainly uses aquaporins (transport protein for water)

500

Na+

no

Osmosis

100

Higher concentration of solute

Hypertonic

200

Lower concentration of solute

Hypotonic

300

What direction does water move? Toward the hyper or hypotonic side?

Hypertonic

400

What is it called when both solutions are equally concentrated?

Isotonic

500

What is bound water?

Water molecules that are 'bound' to the solute due to it's charge

Random

100

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Which are in our cell membranes?

Saturated means fully saturated with hydrogen (no db bonds). 

Unsaturated means there are db bonds.

Both

200

Function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Maintains fluidity of membrane in cold environments and restrains movement in warm temperatures. 

300

In plant cells, molecules have to move through the plasma membrane and cell wall. How do molecules get through the cell wall?

Plasmodesmata

400

When a plant cell is in a hypotonic environment, a plant cell will be _____

Turgid (normal)

500

When a plant cell is in an isotonic solution it will become _____

When a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution it will become _____

Flaccid (lose a bit of its shape; not as full)

Plasmolyzed (sinking in of sides)