Membrane transport/osmosis

Membrane Proteins

100

Difference between integral and peripheral proteins

Integral proteins go all the way through the membrane, peripheral proteins are anchored to the surface of the membrane

200

What regions of integral proteins are hydrophilic, and what regions are hydrophobic? What causes the different regions of proteins to have different properties?

The portion interacting with the fatty acid tails is hydrophobic, and the portion interacting with the phosphate group and outside of the membrane is hydrophilic. The different amino acids in the polypeptide chain cause these different properties.

300

Name all functions of membrane proteins

Transport, enzymatic activity, communication, cell-to-cell recognition, intercellular joining, and attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

400

What proteins have carbohydrate chains attached and play a role in cell recognition?

Glycoproteins

500

What type of protein binds signaling molecules like hormones and triggers a cellular response

Receptor proteins

Types of transport

100

This type of transport allows for small, nonpolar molecules to travel directly through the cell membrane with the concentration gradient without the use of a protein

Simple diffusion

200

This type of transport allows molecules that can't get through the membrane on their own to pass through the membrane with their concentration gradient. 

Facilitated Diffusion

300

This type of transport requires ATP and moves molecules against their concentration gradient. 

Active Transport

400

Bulk transport of molecules in/out of the cell using vesicles (two answers)

Endocytosis and Exocytosis  

500

1.)What is 'cell drinking'

2.)What is 'cell eating'

1.) Pinocytosis

2.) Phagocytosis  

What molecules can move through the membrane?

100

CO2

yes

200

O2

yes

300

Glucose

no

400

Water

yes BUT very slowly, so mainly uses aquaporins (transport protein for water)

500

Na+

no

Osmosis

100

Higher concentration of solute

Hypertonic

200

Lower concentration of solute

Hypotonic

300

What direction does water move? Toward the hyper or hypotonic side?

Hypertonic

400

What is it called when both solutions are equally concentrated?

Isotonic

500

What is bound water?

Water molecules that are 'bound' to the solute due to it's charge

Osmosis Scenarios

100

A raisin is placed in a plain cup of water overnight. What will happen to the raisin?

It will swell up

200

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to it?

It will shrivel up

300

A plant cell is placed in distilled water. What will happen to it?

The central vacuole will fill up and the cell will become firm (turgid).

400

A red blood cell is placed in a solution. It later swells and bursts. Was the solution hyper or hypotonic to the cell?

Hypotonic

500

A freshwater fish is accidentally placed into saltwater. What will happen to the cells of the fish?

The cells will shrivel up and the fish will die