Working Memory
True or false. Working memory is limited in capacity
True
Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily while you are using the information.
Important for: reasoning and guiding decision-making + behaviour.
From Topic 2:
List 3 parts of a neuron
What is chunking?
Perceiving several items as one group to make it easier to remember
eg
300 123 987
rather than 300123987
Name a condition that may affect memory
Amnesia (anterograde and retrograde)
Dementia
What is working memory's capacity estimated to be?
7 plus/minus 2
5-9
From Topic 1:
Who was HM and how did he provide insight on memory
Had a brain injury following a surgery that aimed to cure his epilepsy. Had retrograde and anterograd amnesia but could still form procedural memories. Shows that types of memory can be distinct and processed in different ways/places
What are the limits of mnemonic strategies
Storage capacity
May not develop a deep understanding
Something where the primacy effect may have a
Shopping list
Remembering items on someone's order
First few numbers in a phone number
Any lists
Define:
Acquistion
Storage
Retrieval
A= the process of gaining information and placing it into memory
S= holding the information in memory until it is needed
R= locating the needed information and bringing it into active use
Describe and explain a neuroimaging technique
PET
EEG
MRI
fMRI
How do meaningful connections facilitate memory retrieval?
Connections allow one memory to trigger another and so on until you are led to the information
Intentional and incidental learning
Intentional: reading a text book, teaching yourself sign language
Incidental: becoming better at a sport the more you play, memorising the words to the annoying song on your work radio every day
What is the modal model of memory
Describes how information is processed in three stages:
Information can move between these stages through processes like attention and rehearsal.
Topic 4:
Explain Top-down and Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing: Interpretation of sensory information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations
Bottom-up processing: Analysis of sensory information starting from the smallest pieces, building up to a complete perception without preconceived notions
Explain the two types of rehearsal
Maintenance= focus on the thing. What it is
Elaborative= understanding the thing. What it means ad how it relates to others
A study technique mentioned in the text book
Spaced learning
Quizzing yourself
Having the intention to memorise
How doe the central executive work together with other parts of working memory
Directs attention and coordinates activities between different components.
It manages and integrates information, making it possible to perform tasks like problem-solving and planning.
Topic 3:
What does it mean if I say this is a center-surround cell.
A type of neuron found in the retina and visual cortex that respond to visual stimuli in a specific way.
When light hits the center region, the cell fires more action potentials, indicating increased activity or stimulation.
When light hits the surround region, the cell firing is inhibited or reduced, indicating decreased activity.
What role does the memoriser play in their ability to remember things?
Attention (how focused when learning)
Interest in the topic
Prior knowledge
Emotional state
Setting they are in
Pretend you were creating a quiz. What is a question you would make from the memory topic?
???