Memory Mechanics
What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over time?
A) Intelligence
B) Cognition
C) Memory
D) Learning
C) Memory
Which part of the brain is primarily associated with memory?
A) Hippocampus
B) Cerebellum
C) Hypothalamus
D) Thalamus
A) Hippocampus
What is the term for the loss of memory for events that occurred before a brain injury?
A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Retrograde amnesia
C) Proactive interference
D) Retroactive interference
B) Retrograde amnesia
Which of the following best exemplifies elaborative rehearsal?
A) Repeating a phone number multiple times
B) Associating a new concept with a personal experience
C) Writing a list of items repeatedly
D) Highlighting key terms in a textbook
B) Associating a new concept with a personal experience
Short-term memory typically holds information for about:
A) 30 seconds
B) 2 minutes
C) 10 seconds
D) 5 minutes
A) 30 seconds
This type of encoding focuses on how a word sounds.
A) Semantic encoding
B) Visual encoding
C) Acoustic encoding
D) Structural encoding
C) Acoustic encoding
Damage to the hippocampus can result in:
A) Loss of emotional control
B) Inability to process language
C) Difficulty forming new memories
D) Increased motor coordination
C) Difficulty forming new memories
Which type of amnesia involves difficulty in forming new memories after a brain injury?
A) Retrograde amnesia
B) Anterograde amnesia
C) Infantile amnesia
D) Dissociative amnesia
B) Anterograde amnesia
An example of a mnemonic device is:
A) Taking detailed notes
B) Using the acronym "ROYGBIV" to remember colors of the rainbow
C) Reading aloud to memorize text
D) Summarizing information in your own words
B) Using the acronym "ROYGBIV" to remember colors of the rainbow
Procedural memory, like riding a bike, relies most heavily on the:
A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Cerebellum
D) Cerebellum
How long does sensory memory typically last?
A) A few seconds
B) Several minutes
C) 1–2 hours
D) Indefinitely
A) A few seconds
The amygdala is particularly active when:
A) Solving math problems
B) Recalling neutral facts
C) Encoding memories with strong emotions
D) Reading music
C) Encoding memories with strong emotions
Proactive interference is best illustrated by:
A) Difficulty remembering a new password because of the old one
B) Forgetting the name of a person you just met
C) Learning to play a new instrument after mastering another
D) Recalling old memories more easily than recent ones
A) Difficulty remembering a new password because of the old one
Chunking is particularly useful for remembering:
A) Long passages of text
B) Complex mathematical formulas
C) Sequences of numbers or letters
D) Abstract concepts
C) Sequences of numbers or letters
Forgetting information because it was never encoded is called:
A) Retroactive interference
B) Encoding failure
C) Storage decay
D) Retrieval error
B) Encoding failure
Which retrieval cue is context-dependent?
A) Seeing a familiar face
B) Studying in the same room you take the test
C) Smelling a specific scent
D) Reading a word out loud
B) Studying in the same room you take the test
The cerebellum is involved in:
A) Long-term memory of facts
B) Emotional memory
C) Motor learning and coordination
D) Speech comprehension
C) Motor learning and coordination
The misinformation effect demonstrates that:
A) Memory is infallible and unchangeable
B) New information can alter existing memories
C) People cannot recall events from early childhood
D) Emotional events are remembered more accurately
B) New information can alter existing memories
Which study strategy aligns with the self-referencing effect?
A) Creating flashcards
B) Relating study material to personal experiences
C) Listening to recorded lectures
D) Reading notes silently
B) Relating study material to personal experiences
What is the testing effect?
A) Forgetting info under pressure
B) Learning by teaching
C) Memory improvement from self-quizzing
D) Stress-induced memory loss
C) Memory improvement from self-quizzing
Which encoding type is most effective for understanding and remembering meaning?
A) Visual encoding
B) Acoustic encoding
C) Structural encoding
D) Semantic encoding
D) Semantic encoding
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in memory?
A) Storing memories long-term
B) Encoding procedural memories
C) Holding and manipulating current information
D) Triggering emotional flashbacks
C) Holding and manipulating current information
Which of the following can lead to false eyewitness identifications?
A) Double-blind lineup procedures
B) Use of fillers who resemble the suspect
C) Suggestive questioning
D) Immediate identification after the event
C) Suggestive questioning
How does adequate sleep contribute to memory enhancement?
A) It increases the number of neurons in the brain
B) It facilitates memory consolidation
C) It eliminates the need for rehearsal strategies
D) It enhances sensory memory duration
B) It facilitates memory consolidation
Which type of long-term memory involves facts and knowledge?
A) Episodic
B) Semantic
C) Procedural
D) Implicit
B) Semantic