Amnesia v. Interference
Ms. Fenton was trying to figure out a students name even though she used a lot of retrieval cues. Identify what she is experiencing.
Forgetting (Not applicable to either Amnesia or Interference)
Which brain structure is responsible for forming new semantic or episodic memories?
Hippocampus
Structural, Phonemic, and Semantic
What is the capacity of LTM and how long does information remain in LTM?
LTM has a limitless capacity and information is stored permanently.
What is the capacity of STM and how long does it last?
STM can hold 5-9 pieces of information which usually last from 10-30 seconds.
Tseitlin was trying to clean the new choreography for Paradise but everytime he moved on to the next 16 he kept doing the moves of last year's show. Identify what he is experiencing.
Proactive Interference
When emotionally aroused, which brain structure signals the brain to encode a memory more strongly?
Amygdala
What are the two types of Sensory Memories? Explain what they are.
- Iconic - brief visual images (1/4 - 1 second)
- Echoic- brief auditory images (2-4 seconds)
Additional Info: Echoic is considered stronger than Iconic when comparing Sensory memories. These memories are associated with the Storage Step!
Define Procedural Memories.
Implicit memories that consists of skills, habits, and cognitive rules involved in particular tasks.
Examples: Riding a bike, doing drop spins etc.
What process defines the grouping of related items into meaningful units?
Chunking
Retrograde Amnesia
Which brain structure is primarily linked to working memory (STM)?
What type of rehearsal involves deliberately encoding through conscious repetition of information?
Maintenance Rehearsal
Explicit - Memories that are recalled when requested. This includes both semantic and episodic memories.
Implicit - Memories that is difficult to directly recall. This includes procedural memories, priming, or conditioned responses.
What part of the working memory is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources?
Central Executive
Gabe is racking his brain on remembering the song we used for across floors chasses last year. Unfortunately, can only remember the song from this year. Identify what he is experiencing.
Retroactive Interference
Which brain structure(s) is responsible for forming procedural memories (i.e. driving, or riding a bike)?
Cerebellum + Basal Ganglia
Define Imagination Inflation.
A phenomenon where false memories are created from imagining false events A.K.A. delusion.
Define Semantic LTM and Episodic LTM.
Semantic - A type of explicit LTM for general facts and/or knowledge.
Episodic - A type of explicit LTM for an experience pr event from one's life
What is the first component of working memory that holds and manipulates visual images and spatial information.
Visuospatial Sketchpad
One day, a band kid was following his drill as usual. Suddenly, Layla hit his head pretty hard after he missed his drill spot and was under her 5 on sabre. Following the incident, he sustained a rough injury on his hippocampus leaving him with the inability to create new memories. Identify what he is experiencing.
Anterograde Amnesia
Which neurotransmitter is especially enhanced during LTP, improving learning?
Glutemate
What is the name of the condition that allows people to vividly recall personal experiences from the past?
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory
What process includes the movement of information from the Hippocampus to memory storage?
Memory Consolidation
What is responsible for the speech-based part of the working memory that allows for the verbal rehearsal of sounds or words?
Phonological Loop