Short-term memory
This process transforms new memories from fragile state to a more permanent state
Consolidation
This type of long-term memory stores facts and knowledge, like knowing that Paris is the capital of France.
Semantic memory
This model broke short-term memory into multiple stores, including the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.
Working Memory Model
In this experimental method, participants are convinced through suggestion and imagination that they experienced an event in childhood — such as getting lost in a mall — even though it never actually happened.
Rich False Memory Procedure
Which type of memory holds 5-7 items for about 15 to 20 seconds
Short-term Memory
This effect explains why people tend to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle
serial position effect
Damage to the hippocampus can cause two types of amnesia: retrograde and.....
anterograde amnesia
This task requires recalling numbers in reverse order, often used to measure the capacity of working memory.
backwards digit span
What is it called when newly learned information interferes with the ability to recall previously learned information
Retroactive Interference
True or False: Gustatory memory is the process of remembering taste
True
What is associated with recall that is best when encoding and retrieval occur in the same place?
Context-dependent learning
This effect, discovered by Rogers, shows that linking new information to yourself improves encoding and recall.
self-reference effect
What component of working memory is associated with short-term storage and rehearsal for auditory and verbal information?
Phonological loop
Which brain region is involved in creating new declarative memories?
Hippocampus
Where is memory located in the brain
Hippocampus
This brain region, which makes up about 33% of the cerebral cortex, is most closely associated with executive functions like planning, problem solving, and working memory.
prefrontal cortex
What causes structural changes at the synapse that provide a record of experiences?
Long-Term potentiation (LTP)
This component of working memory acts as a “holding cell” that temporarily integrates information between short-term and long-term memory.
episodic buffer
What is the difference between proactive interference and retroactive interference?
Proactive Interference - when previously learned information affects the way you learn new information
Retroactive Interference - new information affects the way you interact with old information
What are the four processes of memory?
Encoding, Consolidation, Retrieval, and Storage
This strategy for improving short-term memory involves grouping bits of information into larger, meaningful units, (ex: phone numbers or acronyms)
chunking
In Craik & Tulving’s (1975) study, participants remembered words best when they were processed at this level, focusing on meaning rather than sound or appearance.
deep processing
This part of working memory stores and manipulates visual and spatial information, such as when completing a mental rotation task.
visuospatial sketchpad
This effect shows that people are more likely to rate statements as true if they’ve heard or read them before, even when the statements are false.
The Propaganda Effect
Which major neurotransmitter is crucial for learning and retaining new information
Acetylcholine