Encoding & Storage
This process brings information into the memory system.
What is encoding?
This memory system continuously stores information over long periods.
What is long-term memory?
This retrieval method involves identifying previously learned information when you encounter it again, as on a multiple-choice test.
What is recognition?
You know someone’s name but temporarily cannot bring it to mind. Schacter calls this memory error this.
What is blocking?
This strategy involves consciously repeating information to remember it.
What is rehearsal?
This type of memory briefly holds sensory experiences, such as sights, sounds, and tastes.
What is sensory memory?
Remembering your fifth birthday party is an example of this type of explicit memory.
What is episodic memory?
An essay test requires this retrieval method because you must produce information without answer choices.
What is recall?
You forget where you placed your keys because you were distracted when you set them down.
What is absentmindedness?
Separating a phone number into smaller groups uses this memory strategy.
What is chunking?
This type of encoding focuses on the meaning of words and involves deeper processing.
What is semantic encoding?
Knowing the meaning of a word is an example of this type of explicit memory.
What is semantic memory?
After forgetting much of your high school Spanish, you learn it more quickly the second time. This retrieval process explains the advantage.
What is relearning?
After an injury, someone cannot remember events that happened before the injury.
What is retrograde amnesia?
Acronyms, rhymes, and the knuckle method for remembering days in a month are examples of these memory aids.
What are mnemonic devices?
A student learns a definition more easily after connecting it to an experience from their own life. This effect explains why.
What is the self-reference effect?
You can tie your shoes without consciously explaining each step. This type of implicit memory makes that possible.
What is procedural memory?
This brain structure processes emotional information and plays an important role in fear memories.
What is the amygdala?
After hearing misleading details about an accident, a witness remembers those details as part of the original event.
What is the misinformation effect?
Instead of simply repeating a term, you explain its meaning and connect it to something you already know.
What is elaborative rehearsal?
In Baddeley and Hitch’s model, this component supervises the flow of information among the short-term memory systems.
What is the central executive?
A person fears spiders but cannot consciously remember the experience that produced the fear. This is an example of this broader category of memory.
What is implicit memory?
Damage to this brain structure can interfere with forming new declarative memories, as demonstrated by patient H.M.
What is the hippocampus?
A student remembers a fact but mistakenly believes their instructor explained it when they actually read it online.
What is misattribution?
During sleep, the brain strengthens and stabilizes memories through this process.
What is memory consolidation?