Types of Memory
What is the type of memory that holds information for a very brief moment?
Sensory Memory
What is the process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory?
Encoding
What model describes memory as a process involving sensory, short-term, and long-term memory?
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
What term describes competition between new and old information in memory?
Interference
What is the term for memory loss that can occur due to injury or illness?
Amnesia
What type of memory can hold information for about 20 to 30 seconds?
Short-Term Memory
What is the process of maintaining information over time called?
Storage
What theory suggests that deeper levels of analysis lead to stronger memory retention?
Craik and Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory
What technique involves grouping information into larger, meaningful units to enhance memory?
Chunking
What type of amnesia impairs the ability to form new memories after a traumatic event?
Anterograde Amnesia
What is the type of memory that can store information indefinitely?
Long-Term Memory
What is it called when you access stored information from memory?
Retrieval
What theory posits that combining verbal and visual information enhances memory?
Dual Coding Theory
What term describes improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding is also present at retrieval?
Context-Dependent Memory
What type of amnesia affects memories formed before a traumatic event?
Retrograde Amnesia
What type of memory involves conscious recall of facts and events?
Explicit Memory
What are detailed and vivid memories of surprising and emotion-provoking events.
Flashbulb memories
What theory proposes that everyone has mental structures that help organize knowledge?
Schema Theory
What is the phenomenon where memory retrieval is improved when in the same state as when the memory was formed?
State-Dependent Memory
What is the term for a decline in cognitive function that interferes with daily life, often affecting memory?
Dementia
What type of memory influences behavior without conscious awareness?
Implicit Memory
What term describes the system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information?
Working Memory
What theory describes memory as a network of interconnected nodes?
Connectionism
What terms describe the tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items?
Primacy and Recency Effects
What memory disorder is the inability to remember events that occurred before 3 years of age.
Infantile Amnesia