Process of Meaning
Give two examples of how to improve memory
Options: Process for meaning, use the practice retrieval effect, use metamemory or distributed learning
Why should you avoid distraction to enhance meaning and retention?
Because divided attention prevents processing for meaning, which lowers one’s memory efficiency
What is Retrieval practice?
a strategy in which bringing information to mind enhances and boosts learning; learn by testing oneself
What does the encoding variability principle say?
That if you study an item of information under several different mental and physical conditions, you will be more likely to remember it
What is Metamemory?
our awareness and knowledge of our own memories
What is Process for Meaning?
The idea that, when we process new information in terms of its meaning, we will be more likely to encode that material
Why you should not multitask?
because you are at risk of creating long-lasting problems with memory efficiency
What does the generating effect intend?
that memory is better when we generate associations ourselves than when we simply read them
Give examples of Encoding Variability
E.g. Studying a topic when you are mad, then going back to study it when you are happy so that there will be a multiple encoding conditions
What does JOL mean? How is it helpful?
Judgments of learning. Because it can be used to improve memory by allowing us to direct our time, energy, and effort towards the items we need to study the most
What are the ways of Enhancing Meaning?
Subjective organization and Technical mnemonics
Give an example of consequences of distraction
Options: Lowers correct recall and recognition, increases false memories, or impairs prospective memory
What are the two types of Retrieval practice?
self-initiated or provided
What does Encoding specificity intend?
that matching the encoding contexts of information at recall assists in the retrieval of episodic memories.
What is Stability Bias?
Our tendency to act as though one's memory will remain stable in the future.
What is subjective organization?
Reorganizing the information given to you and make up your own organization
What are Technical mnemonics?
a pattern that can be used as an aid for memorizing information, such as acronyms or acrostics
What can Retrieval practice help the learning with?
Options: Foreign language vocabulary, general knowledge facts, visual materials or middle-school science
Give an example of Encoding specificity
E.g. happy memories are easier to access when happy, or bad memories are more accessible when in a depressed mood.
What is Self-regulated learning ?
one's ability to under- stand and control one's learning environment