Short-Term & Working memory
First introduced by Miller in 1956, this term describes the most basic unit of short-term memory.
What is a Chunk?
One of the categories describing long-term memory, this describes your memory of how to perform tasks.
What is procedural memory?
This refers to a way of thinking about cognitive processes like how a computer might hold, store and process information.
What is the computer metaphor of the mind?
This theory predicts that the time you spend learning something directly impacts how much you actually learn
What is the total-time hypothesis?
This term describes your own self-knowledge or thought patterns or cognitive processes.
What is metacognition?
When given a series of letters or numbers to memorize and later recall, this term describes the phenomenon where people more easily recall the first few items in that series.
What is a primacy effect?
This term describes an episodic memory concerning a particularly emotionally arousing event
What is a flashbulb memory?
These types of studies examine patients who have sustained brain injuries in order to uncover the properties of specific areas within the brain.
What are lesion studies?
A component of deep processing, this term describes the practice of encoding information with meaningful and interconnected concepts
What is elaboration?
This term describes one's subjective experience of knowing a target word for which you are searching for but cannot recall
What is the tip-of-the-tongue effect?
This component of working memory holds and combines information from both the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop.
What is the episodic buffer?
This term describes an inability to recall memories prior to an event in which a person sustains brain damage.
What is retrograde amnesia?
This principle refers to any study's findings, and how applicable they are to how real people live in the real world.
What is ecological validity?
This type of memory concerns events you plan to do at a future point in time.
What is prospective memory?
This term describes when a person overestimates how well they might perform on a future test
what is a foresight bias?
Part of a modern model of working memory, this component processes visual an spacial information in your working memory
What is the visiospacial sketchpad?
This terms describes general knowledge or expectations of an event or person, based on one's past experiences.
What is a schema?
This person was the first female president of the APA. Her ideas of ecological validity are still used today.
Who is Mary Whiton Calkins?
These are mental strategies, such as creating hierarchies or focusing on key words, which aim to improve your memory of specific names or concepts.
What are mnemonics?
Choosing which study habits suit you best utilizes this category of metacognition.
What is metamemory?
When given a series of letters or numbers to memorize and later recall, this term describes the phenomenon where people more easily recall the last few items in that series.
What is a recency effect?
This term describes the phenomenon wherein pleasant stimuli is more easily and efficiently encoded than unpleasant or neutral stimuli.
What is the Pollyana principle?
This branch of cognitive psychology gathers insights from comparing human cognition with that of non-human animals.
What is Comparative Psychology?
Study habits which involve taking self-made quizzes for multiple choice exams or writing brief essays for essay based exams utilize this principle of long-term memory retrieval.
What is encoding specificity?
This term refers to your self-report of how well you remember and understand a concept or topic
What is metacomprehension?